346 Anulewicz et al.: Emerald Ash Borer Density and Canopy Dieback in Ash volatiles isolated from ash leaves captured significantly more A. planipennis than traps with individual compounds. Simi- larly, Crook et al. (2006) reported that sesquiterpenes isolated from ash bark elicited consistently strong antennal responses from A. planipennis adults. Results from this study can be used to more thoroughly assess the susceptibility of both urban and forest trees based on species composition and to increase efficiency in devel- oping survey, detection, and management options. In areas where two or more ash species occur, newly established or low-density populations of A. planipennis are more likely to be detected by focusing survey efforts on the preferred ash species (i.e., green ash). Additional research to evaluate interactions between A. planipennis and ash species may also identify traits that could be augmented or propagated to enhance resistance of North American trees to this inva- sive pest. Acknowledgments. We thank Elizabeth Grisham, Robert McDon- ald, Sarah Smith, and Christopher Pell from Michigan State Uni- versity (MSU) for their invaluable assistance in the field. We also thank Dr. Therese Poland (USDA Forest Service) and Dr. Bert Cregg (MSU) for their advice and support. We appreciate the co- operation provided by Dan Kurkowski, City of Detroit; Paul Bairley and Kay Sicheneder, City of Ann Arbor; Jan and Michael David BenDor, and Cynthia Shake for providing trees for survey. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area Forest Health Protection, and MSU’s Project GREEEN. LITERATURE CITED Akers, R.C., and D.G. Nielsen. 1990. Spatial emergence pat- terns of bronze birch borer, (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from European white birch. Journal of Entomological Sci- ence 25:150–157. Akiyama, K., and S. Ohmomo. 2000. The Buprestid Beetles of the World. Iconographic Series of Insects 4. Gekkan- Mushi Co., Ltd. 341 pp. Anderson, R.F. 1944. The relation between host condition and attacks by the bronzed birch borer. Journal of Eco- nomic Entomology 37:588–596. Anulewicz, A.C., D.G. McCullough, and D.L. Cappaert. 2006. Emerald ash borer host range and preference stud- ies, pp. 15–16. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Tech- nology Development Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 26–27 Sept. 2005. V. Mastro, R. Reardon, and G. Parra, Eds. Morgantown, WV, U.S. Department of Agriculture, For- est Service publication FHTET-2005-16. Ball, J., and G. Simmons. 1980. The relationship between bronze birch borer and birch dieback. Journal of Arbori- culture 6:309–314. Barnes, B.V., and W.H. Wagner. 1981. Michigan Trees: A Guide to the Trees of Michigan and the Great Lakes Re- gion. Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press. ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture Barter, G.W. 1957. Studies of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory, in New Brunswick. The Canadian Ento- mologist 89:12–36. Bauer, L.S., R.A. Haack, D.L. Miller, T.R. Petrice, and H. Liu. 2004. Emerald ash borer life cycle, p. 8. In Em- erald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting, Port Huron, MI, 30 Sept.–1 Oct. 2003. V. Mas- tro and R. Reardon, Eds. Morgantown, WV, U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Forest Service publication FHTET- 2004-02. Bauer, L.S., H. Liu, R. Gao, and T. Zhao. 2006. Egg and larval parasitoids of emerald ash borer from China: Po- tential for biological control in North America, pp. 48–49. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Devel- opment Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 26–27 Sept. 2005. V. Mastro, R. Reardon, and G. Parra, Eds. Morgantown, WV, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service pub- lication FHTET-2005-16. Brown-Rytlewski, D.E., and M.A. Wilson. 2005. Tracking the emergence of emerald ash borer adults, pp. 13–14. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Develop- ment Meeting, Romulus, MI, 5–6 Oct. 2004. V. Mastro and R. Reardon, Eds. Morgantown, WV, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service publication FHTET-2004- 15. Cappaert, D., D.G. McCullough, and T.M. Poland. 2005a. Emerald ash borer life cycle: A reassessment, pp. 19–20. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Devel- opment Meeting, Romulus, MI, 5–6 Oct. 2004. V. Mastro and R. Reardon, Eds. Morgantown, WV, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service publication FHTET-2004- 15. ———. 2005b. The upside of the emerald ash borer catas- trophe: A feast for woodpeckers, pp. 69–70. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meet- ing, Romulus, MI, 5–6 Oct. 2004. Mastro and Reardon, Eds. Morgantown, WV, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service publication FHTET-2004-15. Cappaert, D., D.G. McCullough, T.M. Poland, and N.W. Siegert. 2005c. Emerald ash borer in North America: A research and regulatory challenge. American Ento- mologist 51:152–165. Cote, W.A., and D.C. Allen. 1980. Biology of the two-lined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus, in Pennsylvania and New York. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73:409–413. Crook, D.J., I. Fraser, J.A. Francese, and V.C. Mastro. 2006. Chemical ecology of the emerald ash borer Agrilus pla- nipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in relation to tree volatiles, pp. 63–64. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 26–27 Sept. 2005. V. Mastro, R. Reardon,
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