358 Ball et al.: Hazard of Emerald Ash Borer to Community Forests Kielbaso, J.J., B. Beauchamp, K. Larison, and C. Randall. 1988. Trends in Urban Forest Management. Baseline Rep. 20(1). Washington, DC, Urban Data Service Publ, Inter- national City Management Association. 12 pp. Kimmerer, W.J. 1984. Diversity/stability: A criticism. Ecol- ogy 65:1936–1938. Liebhold, A.M., W.L. MacDonald, D. Bergdahl, and V.C. Mastro. 1995. Invasion by exotic forest pests: A threat to forest ecosystems. Forest Science Monographs 30:1–49. Mason, S. 2006. South Dakota’s Community Forest Structure and Composition. MS Thesis, Department of Geography. South Dakota State University. McBride, J., and D. Jacobs. 1976. Urban forest development: A case study, Menlo Park California. Urban Ecology 9: 245–266. McPherson, E.G. 1993. Monitoring urban forest health. En- vironmental Monitoring and Assessment 26:165–174. McPherson, E.G., and R.A. Rowntree. 1989. Using structural measures to compare twenty-two U.S. street tree popula- tions. Landscape Journal 8:13–23. McPherson, E.G., J.R. Simpson, P.J. Peper, S.E. Maco, and Q. Xiao. 2005. Municipal forest benefits and cost in five U.S. cities. Journal of Forestry 103:411–416. McPherson, E.G., J.R. Simpson, P.J. Peper, S.E. Maco, Q. Xiao, and P.J. Hoefer. 2003. Northern Mountain and Prai- rie Community Tree Guide: Benefits, Cost and Strategic Planting. Davis, CA, Center for Urban Forest Research, USDA For. Serv., PSW Res. Stat. 89 pp. Miller, R.H., and R.W. Miller. 1991. Planting survival of selected street tree taxa. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 185–191. Poland, T.M., and D.G. McCullough. 2006. Emerald ash borer: Invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America’s ash resource. Journal of Forestry 104:118–124. Raupp, M.J., A.B. Cumming, and E.C. Raupp. 2006. Street tree diversity in eastern North America and its potential for tree loss to exotic borers. Arboriculture & Urban For- estry 32:297–304. Richards, N.A. 1982. Diversity and stability in a street tree population. Urban Ecology 7:159–171. ———. 1993. Guidelines for tree diversity. Journal of Ar- boriculture 19:344–349. Rowntree, R.A. 1998. Urban forest ecology: Conceptual points of departure. Journal of Arboriculture 24:62–71. Sanders, R. 1981. Diversity in the street trees of Syracuse. Urban Ecology 5:33–43. Santamour, F.S. Jr. 1990. Trees for urban planting: Diversity, uniformity, and common senses, pp. 57–65. In Trees for the Nineties: Landscape Tree Selection, Testing, Evalua- tion and Introduction. Proc. 7th Conference Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance. Lisle, IL, Morton Arbore- tum. ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture Sinclair, W., and H.H. Lyon. 2005. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs, 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. 660 pp. Solotaroff, T. 1911. Shade Trees in Towns and Cities. New York, John Wiley & Sons. 287 pp. South Dakota Municipal League. 2004. Directory of South Dakota Municipal Offices, Products and Service Guide, 2004–2005. Pierre, SD, State Printing. 255 pp. Tilman, D., and J.A. Downing. 1994. Biodiversity and sta- bility in grasslands. Nature 367:363–365. Trowbridge, P.J., and N.L. Bassuk. 2004. Trees in the Urban Landscape: Site Assessment, Design and Installation. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wallner, W.E., and J.H. Hart. 1971. Dutch elm disease con- trol. Mich. State Univer. Ext. Bull. 506. Witter, J.A., and A.J. Storer. 2004. Monitoring Michigan’s Ash in Rural Forests and Recreational Areas. Research and Technology Meeting, Oct. 5–6, Romulus, Mich. Wray, P.H., and D.R. Prestemon. 1983. Assessment of street trees in Iowa’s small communities. Iowa State Journal Research 58:261–268. John Ball (corresponding author) Professor of Forestry/Forest Health Specialist Room 201, Northern Plains BioStress Laboratory Horticulture, Forestry, Landscape and Parks Department South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007-01998, U.S.
[email protected] Sarah Mason Graduate Student (formerly) Geography Department South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007, U.S. (currently) Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City, SD 57701, U.S. Aaron Kiesz City Forester Forestry Department Aberdeen, SD 57401, U.S. Dan McCormick Regional Program Manager South Dakota Division of Game, Fish and Parks Pierre, SD 57501, U.S. Craig Brown Coteau Service Forester South Dakota Division of Resource Conservation and Forestry Watertown, SD 57201, U.S.
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