Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33(5): September 2007 369 Minnesota Department of Natural Resources web site (on- line). www.dnr.state.mn.us/fid/june97/06209714. html (accessed 10/26/2006). ———. 1999. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter June 1999. The Minnesota Depart- ment of Natural Resources web site (online). www. dnr.state.mn.us/fid/june99/06019906.html (accessed 10/ 26/2006). Ostry, M.E., and T.H. Nicholls. 1976. How to Identify and Control Sapsucker Injury on Trees. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. Shigo, A.L. 1963. Ring Shake Associated with Sapsucker Injury. U.S. Forest Service Research Paper NE-8. Tate, J. 1973. Methods and annual sequence of foraging by the sapsucker. The Auk 90:840–856. White, T.C. 1984. The abundance of invertebrate herbivores in relation to the availability of nitrogen in stressed food plants. Oecologia 63:90–105. E. Thomas Smiley, PhD (corresponding author) Arboricultural Researcher Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories Figure 4. Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) feeding on con- trol treatment between tree wrap (top) and burlap (bot- tom) of Acer saccharum stem. Although trunk wrapping did protect treated trees, it is a very time-consuming operation and the treatment could be considered unsightly by many consumers. Further study is needed to find effective treatments that can be applied more rapidly. Acknowledgments. We express our appreciation to Robert A. Bart- lett Jr. and the Bartlett Tree Expert Co. for their support of this research and to Bruce R. Fraedrich, Director of the Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories. LITERATURE CITED Eberhardt, L.S. 2000. Use and selection of sap trees by yel- low-bellied sapsuckers. The Auk 117:41–51. Erdmann, G.G., and R.R. Oberg. 1974. Sapsucker feeding damages crown-released yellow birch trees. Journal of Forestry 72:760–764. Kilham, L. 1964. The relations of breeding yellow-bellied sapsuckers to wounded birches and other trees. The Auk 81:520–527. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 1997. Animal Damage—Sapsucker Damage. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter. June 1997. The Donald C. Booth, PhD Entomologist Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories 13768 Hamilton Rd. Charlotte, NC 28278, U.S.
[email protected] Liza W. Wilkinson Research Technician Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories 13768 Hamilton Rd. Charlotte, NC 28278, U.S.
[email protected] Résumé. Le pic maculé (Sphyrapicus varius) est la cause pre- mière de dommages aux arbres par les pics dans l’Est des États- Unis. Ces dommages peuvent tuer des branches entières, peuvent créer des portes d’entrée pour les champignons de carie ou encore des décollements des anneaux de croissance; tous pouvant conduire à des bris d’arbre. Ce test compare deux matériaux d’enveloppement des troncs sur 15 érables à sucre (Acer saccharum) en regard de leur ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture Adjunct Professor Clemson University 13768 Hamilton Rd. Charlotte, NC 28278, U.S.
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