390 Ferrini and Baietto: Effect of Compost-amended Backfill and Paved Surface No tree growth benefits were observed by adding com- posted materials to the planting pit at the time of transplanting Norway maple in an area previously covered with good top- soil. This confirms findings by other authors who did not find appreciable effects after compost addition to the planting pit (Gilman 2004). The effects of compost addition can be ex- pected only after some years as a result of soil microbial activity and organic matter mineralization. This study, there- fore, suggests that topsoil, even a clay one, is a satisfactory substrate for Acer platanoides and that the amount of com- post to be added should be determined according to native soil characteristics. Acknowledgments. Support for this project came in part from the Regione Toscana (Italy) inside the research project “Research on multipurpose green areas” (RISVEM). We thank Dr. Giovanni Sala and Studio Land SRL for their support to the research. LITERATURE CITED Bernatsky, A. 1978. Tree Ecology and Preservation. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 357 pp. Bradshaw, A., B. Hunt, and T. Walmsley. 1995. Trees in the Urban Landscape: Principles and Practice.E&FN Spon, London. 288 pp. Celestian, S.B., and C.A. Martin. 2005. Effects of parking lot location on size and physiology of four southwestern U.S. landscape trees. Journal of Arboriculture 31:191–197. Coder, K. 1996. Tree planting area size: Futuring resource availability and identifying constraints. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service Forest Resources Unit FOR96-38. Crowe, M., K. Nolan, C. Collins, G. Carty, B. Donlon, and M. Kristoffersen. 2002. Biodegradable municipal waste management in Europe. European Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, DK-1050 Copenhagen K. www.eea. eu.int (accessed 6/2006). Dickinson, N.M., W. Hartley, L.A. Uffindell, A.N. Plumb, H. Rowlinson, and P. Putwain. 2005. Robust biological de- scriptors of soil health for use in reclamation of brown- field land. Land Contamination & Reclamation 13:1–10. Ferrini, F., A. Giuntoli, F.P. Nicese, S. Pellegrini, and N. Vignozzi. 2005. Effect of fertilization and backfill amend- ments on soil characteristics, growth and leaf gas ex- changes of English oak (Quercus robur L.). Journal of Arboriculture 32:93–99. Gilman, E.F. 2004. Effects of amendments, soil additives, and irrigation on tree survival and growth. Journal of Ar- boriculture 30:301–305. Hornick, S.B., and J.F. Parr. 1987. Restoring the productivity of marginal soils with organic amendments. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2:64–68. ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture Koolen, A.J., and J.P. Rossignol. 1998. Introduction to sym- posium 19: Construction and use of artificial soils. Soil and Tillage Research 47:151–155. Montague, T., and R. Kjelgren. 2004. Energy balance of six common landscape surfaces and the influence of surface properties on gas exchange of four containerized tree spe- cies. Scientia Horticulturae 100:229–249. Moran, R. 1982. Formulae for determination of chlorophyl- lous pigments extracted with N,N-dimethylformamide. Plant Physiology 69:1376–1381. Shulte, J.R., and C.E. Whitcomb. 1975. Effects of soil amendments and fertilizer levels on the establishment of silver maple. Journal of Arboriculture 1:192–195. Trowbridge, P.J., and N.L. Bassuk. 2004. Trees in the Urban Landscape: Site Assessment, Design and Installation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. 207 pp. Vetterlein, D., and R.F. Hüttl. 1999. Can applied organic matter fulfill similar function as soil organic matter? Risk–benefit analysis for organic matter application as a potential strategy for rehabilitation of disturbed ecosys- tems. Plant and Soil 213:1–10. Watson, G.W. 2002. Soil replacement: Long-term results. Journal of Arboriculture 28:229–230. WRAP. 2006. Uses of compost in regeneration and remedia- tion of brownfield sites in the UK. The Waste & Re- sources Action Programme The Old Academy, Banbury, Oxon. www.wrap.org.uk (accessed 6/2006). Francesco Ferrini (corresponding author) Full Professor Dipartimento di Ortoflorofrutticoltura University of Florence Viale delle Idee 30-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
[email protected] Manuela Baietto PhD Student Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale University of Milan Via Celoria, 2-20133, Milano, Italy Résumé. Dans ce projet nous avons comparé l’effet d’un remblai amendé avec un compost ainsi que la superficie de la surface ex- posée sur des érables de Norvège (Acer platanoides L.) plantés dans un terreau de plantation de qualitéélevée sur un terrain en terre brune où il y avait autrefois une manufacture de camions. Après trois ans, les arbres avec un milieu plus vaste et une superficie en paillis plus grande avaient des échanges foliaires gazeux plus importants ainsi qu’un contenu minéral et en chlorophylle foliaire plus grands que ceux poussant en milieu pavé. Les effets des différentes quan- tités de compost dans le terreau de plantation ont été plus difficiles àévaluer à l’intérieur du cadre de cette étude. Même si ces effets
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