396 of Japanese beetle. Annual Review of Entomology 47: 175–205. Raupp, M.J., A. Buckelew Cumming, and E.C. Raupp. 2006. Street tree diversity in Eastern North America and its potential for tree loss to exotic borers. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 32:297–304. Raupp, M.J., J.A. Davidson, C.S. Koehler, C.S. Sadof, and K. Reichelderfer. 1988. Decision-making considerations for aesthetic damage caused by pests. Bulletin of the Ento- mological Society of America 34:27–32. Rowe, W.J. II, and D.A. Potter. 1996. Vertical stratification of feeding by Japanese beetles within linden tree cano- pies: Selective foraging or height per se? Oecologia 108: 459–466. Sadof, C.S., and M.J. Raupp. 1987. Consumer attitudes to- ward the defoliation of American arborvitae, Thuja occi- dentalis by bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 5:164–166. ———. 1997. Aesthetic thresholds and their development, pp. 203–226. In L.G. Higley and L.P. Pedigo (Eds.). Eco- nomic Thresholds for Integrated Pest Management. Uni- versity of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE. 327 pp. Sclar, D.C., and W.S. Cranshaw. 1996. Evaluation of new systemic insecticides for elm insect control. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14:22–26. Stewart, V.B., and T.A. Horner. 1994. Control of hemlock wooly adelgid using soil injections of systemic insecti- cides. Journal of Arboriculture 20:287–289. Suchail, S., D. Guez, and L.P. Belzunces. 2001. Discrepancy between acute and chronic toxicity induced by imidaclo- prid and its metabolites in Apis mellifera. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:2482–2486. Szczepaniec, A., and M.J. Raupp. 2007. Residual toxicity of imidacloprid to hawthorn lace bug, Corythuca cydoniae, feeding on cotoneasters in landscapes and containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25:43–46. Webb, R.A., J.R. Frank, and M.J. Raupp. 2003. Recovery of eastern hemlock from attack by hemlock woolly adelgid following treatment with imidacloprid. Journal of Arbor- iculture 29:298–302. Young, L.C. 2002. The efficacy of micro-injected imidaclo- prid and oxydemeton-methyl on red gum eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) infested with red gum lerp psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei). Journal of Arboricul- ture 28:144–147. Zar, J. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 931 pp. Steven Frank Research Assistant Department of Entomology 4112 Plant Sciences University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, U.S. Robert Ahern Research Assistant Department of Entomology 4112 Plant Sciences University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, U.S. Michael J. Raupp (corresponding author) Professor of Entomology Department of Entomology 4112 Plant Sciences University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, U.S.
[email protected] Résumé. Les essais alimentaires en laboratoire confirment que les feuilles du tilleul à petites feuilles traitées avec l’imidacloprid étaient moins dévorées par les scolytes japonais que celle d’arbres non traités. Les études sur le terrain ont révélé que les applications sur le sol d’imidacloprid ont significativement diminué le degré de sévérité de la défoliation causée par les scolytes japonais dans l’annéeoù l’insecticide a été appliqué ainsi que l’année subséquente. Ces découvertes indiquent que l’imidacloprid constitue un outil utile pour les arboriculteurs afin de réduire la défoliation par cet impor- tant parasite. Zusammenfassung. Laborfütterungsversuche bestätigten, dass Blätter der Winterlinde, die mit Imidacloprid behandelt waren, we- niger von Japan-Käfern gefressen wurden als die von unbehandelten Bäumen. Feldstudien ergaben, dass Bodenapplikationen mit Imida- cloprid die Schwere der Entlaubung durch den Japan-Käfer in dem Jahr der Applikation und in den Folgejahren reduziert. Diese Ergeb- nisse zeigen, dass Imidacloprid ein nützliches Werkzeug für Ar- boristen bei der Bekämpfung dieses bedeutenden Schädlings ist. Resumen. Ensayos de laboratorio confirmaron que las hojas de tilo tratadas con imidacloprid fueron consumidas mucho menos por escarabajos japoneses que las de árboles no tratados. Estudios de campo revelaron que las aplicaciones al suelo de imidacloprid redu- jeron significativamente el grado de defoliación severa causada por lo escarabajos en el año en que el insecticida fue aplicado, y también en el siguiente. Estos hallazgos indican que imidacloprid es una herramienta útil para los arboristas para reducir la defoliación por esta importante plaga. ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture
November 2007
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