Table of Contents Paolo Gonthier and Giovanni Nicolotti A Field Key to Identify Common Wood Decay Fungal Species on Standing Trees .............................................. 410 Abstract. A field key to species is presented for the most important and widespread European wood-rotting basidiomycetes on standing trees. Sixty- four fungal taxa belonging to 36 genera and 17 families of Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales are included in the key, which was mostly based on macroscopic features of the basidiomata. The key was validated in the field and allowed for easy recognition of wood decay fungi. Key Words. Basidiocarp; Basidiomata; Diagnosis; Field Guide; Simplified Key. Chelcy R. Ford, James M. Vose, Michael Daley, and Nathan Phillips Use of Water by Eastern Hemlock: Implications for Systemic Insecticide Application ....................................... 421 Abstract. The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) is causing widespread decline and mortality of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) throughout most of the range of eastern hemlock. Stem injection of insecticide is widely used as a chemical control me sure, but the effectiveness of this method depends on the hydraulic characteristics of individual trees. We present data quantifying the distrib tion of water flux within the stems and the seasonal variability of daily water use of eastern hemlock trees growing in New England, U.S. and the southern Appalachians. We provide simple mathematical and graphical models derived from these data that can be used by landowners, natural resource managers, and tree care specialists to estimate the amount and timing of water use by eastern hemlock based on tree size and climatic conditions. We anticipate that the data and models presented will be useful in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of systemic insecticide applications. Key Words. Adelges tsugae; Hemlock; Imidacloprid; Insecticide; Systemic; Transpiration; Tsuga spp.; Water Use. William Hascher and Christina E. Wells Effects of Soil Decompaction and Amendment on Root Growth and Architecture in Red Maple (Acer rubrum) ................................................................................. 428 Abstract. The TerraventTM soil injection device (Pinnacle Concepts, Ltd., Cornwall, UK) uses compressed nitrogen gas to fracture compacted soil and permits the subsequent injection of liquid amendments. In the current study, we measured fine root growth and architecture in soil that had received one of four treatments: 1) Terravent injections, 2) Terravent injections followed by liquid amendment (MycorTree® Injectable; PHC, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.), 3) addition of amendment only, and 4) an untreated control. The experiment was conducted on ten red maples (Acer rubrum) growing on a moderately compacted urban clay soil next to a busy road on the Clemson University campus. Treatments were applied in April 2002. Seven weeks later, soil cores were pulled from locations adjacent to the injection sites, and fine roots (less than 2 mm [0.08 in] in diameter) from each core were washed free of soil. A variety of root parameters were measured, including length, surface area, diam- eter distrib tion, and mass. Terravent treatment had no effect on any root parameters measured. Application of MycorTree was associated with small, statist cally significant reductions in root diameter, root mass density (mg root/cm3 Key Words. Acer rubrum; Root Growth; Soil Decompaction. soil), and root surface area density (cm2 root/cm3 soil). Richard H. Yahner and Richard T. Yahner Research Note Populations of Small Mammals on an Electric Transmission Line Area in Southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S. ......................................................................................................................... 433 Benjamin D. Ballard, Kevin T. McLoughlin, and Christopher A. Nowak Research Note New Diagrams and Applications for the Wire Zone–Border Zone Approach to Vegetation Management on Electric Transmission Line Rights-of-Way. ................................ 435 ©2007 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
November 2007
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