Section 2: Decarbonisation, Energy Transitions & Climate Adaptation delves into the policies, strategies and technological advancements that drive urban decarbonisation efforts. It examines energy transitions, emissions reduction frameworks and the role of performative strategies in sustainable urban development. Studies in this section assess the socioeconomic factors influencing CO₂ emissions, explore the impacts of Local Law 97 in New York and evaluate urban energy modelling tools such as the EU City Calculator. Additionally, it highlights how artificial intelligence is shaping climate adaptation policies, while educational initiatives like the Urban Tech Curriculum equip future professionals with the knowledge to implement climate-positive strategies. Section 3: Circular Economy, Adaptive Reuse & Resource Efficiency in Urban Environments focuses on sustainable resource management in cities. It examines strategies for waste reduction, material efficiency and the adaptive reuse of buildings to reduce embedded carbon. The research presented includes studies on community-informed reuse practices, circular urbanism and human health implications of building materials. These perspectives contribute to a deeper understanding of how cities can transition toward more regenerative design approaches, reducing waste while maintaining economic and social viability. Section 4: Urban Morphology, Spatial Planning & Social Innovation investigates the spatial organisation of cities, urban morphology and the social dimensions of planning. It includes studies on typologies of production-based cities, subsurface spatial planning and the role of participatory urban design processes in fostering livable cities. Additionally, this section explores social innovation in architecture, looking at how evolutionary design principles can enhance urban development and community resilience. Case studies, such as the transformation of Catania’s historic fish market, illustrate the complexities of balancing economic development, cultural preservation and environmental sustainability in urban settings. Section 5: Nature-Based Solutions, Biodiversity & Urban Green Infrastructure examines the role of green infrastructure, biodiversity and biophilic urban design in enhancing climate resilience. Research in this section explores the multi-disciplinary benefits of biodiverse urban spaces, blue-green infrastructure planning and the integration of nature into the built environment. It includes studies on small-scale biophilic interventions, the psychological benefits of nature exposure in cities and the role of environmental education in fostering sustainable mindsets. By highlighting the relationship of ecology, public health and urban design, this section underscores the importance of embedding nature-based solutions into future city planning. Moving Forward: Building Resilient Cities Together The challenges cities face today are complex, layered and urgent. However, they also present unprecedented opportunities for innovation, collaboration and transformation. This book serves as both a critical examination and a practical guide, offering insights from diverse global contexts to inform the way forward. Whether you are an urban planner, architect, policymaker, researcher or engaged resident, the ideas and case studies presented here aim to inspire new ways of thinking
