International Society of Arboriculture Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is published by the International Society of Arboriculture, a worldwide professional organization dedicated to fostering a greater appreciation for trees and to promoting research, technology, and the professional practice of arboriculture and urban forestry. ISA Board of Directors Chris Walsh, President, Christchurch, New Zealand Nicolaas Verloop, President-Elect, Harmelen, T e Netherlands John Gathright, Vice President, Seto, Aichi, Japan Gail Nozal, Secretary, South Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA Sharon Jean-Philippe, Treasurer, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA Christopher Boza, Chattaroy, Washington, USA Russ Carlson, Bear, Delaware, USA John Coles, Oslo, Norway Susan Day, British Columbia, Canada Carlos Llanos, Valle de Cauca, Colombia Samuel Ma, Hong Kong Randall H. Miller, Syracuse, Utah, USA Tom Smiley, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA Tadashi Touchi, Osaka, Japan Shirley Vaughn, Kent, Ohio, USA Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Associate Editors L.R. Costello, University of California (Emeritus), San Francisco, California, USA Asia Dowtin, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Daniel Herms, T e Davey Tree Expert Company, Kent, Ohio, USA C.Y. Jim, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Daniel Marion, State University of New York–Finger Lakes, Canandaigua, New York, USA Melissa McHale, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Zhu Ning, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Eric North, Minnesota Society of Arboriculture, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Bryant Scharenbroch, Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA James Steenberg, Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Alexia Stokes, INRA, Montpellier, France Maria-Luisa Tello, Madrid Institute of Agricultural Research, Madrid, Spain Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Staff ISA CEO/Executive Director, Caitlyn Pollihan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Editor-in-Chief, Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch, Nature-Based Solutions Institute, Barcelona, Spain Managing Editor, Lindsey E. Mitchell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Director of Educational Products and Services, Jamie Vidich, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Layout, Amy K. Reiss, Curlew, Washington, USA Cover photo by Jef rey Zeldman. https://www.f ickr.com/photos/zeldman Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Associate Editors Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is a peer-reviewed, international Open Access journal that publishes high-quality research results on scientif c and cul- tural aspects of the selection, establishment, culture, maintenance, and function of individual trees, as well as on the structure, function, and man- agement of forests in and around human settlements. T e journal welcomes reports of original research, reviews, and analyses that advance the professions of arboriculture and urban forestry. Subjects appro- priate for submission include, among others, tree biology and physiology, entomology, pathology, horticulture, biomechanics, risk management, soil science, inventory and assessment, urban forest functions and benef ts, governance planning and management of urban forests, and utility forestry. To be considered for publication, manuscripts must make a signif cant con- tribution to the advancement of knowledge and practice of arboriculture and urban forestry and have broad applicability and interest to an interna- tional audience. Contributions will be considered in the following categories: (1) Original Articles: Original fundamental or applied research that contributes to the scientif c foundations that support the disciplines of arboriculture and urban forestry. (2) Review Articles: Literature reviews or syntheses of previous work that identify trends, designate areas for new work and/or theory development, and/or compare competing theories. (3) Short Communications: Appropriate for original research inves- tigations that report preliminary or novel results on limited data sets, for analysis of procedures, equipment, or management systems that will lead to the improvement of best management practices, and for the introduction of novel theoretical perspectives. (4) Letters to the Editor: Letters should directly address ideas or facts presented in the Journal and should refer to material published within a year of the letter’s submission. T e authors of the original publication will be given the opportunity to respond. (5) Editorials: Brief opinion pieces from leaders in the arboricultural f eld that provide state-of-the-art assessments, perspectives on key topics, or relate to and provide context for a manuscript in the same issue of the journal. Editorials that accompany other published articles are solicited only. All manuscripts must be submitted to ScholarOne to be considered for review. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is published to provide science-based infor- mation that promotes and encourages the interchange of ideas among sci- entists, educators, and professionals working in arboriculture, urban forestry, and related disciplines. Contributions from both ISA members and non- members are welcome from all disciplines. Statement of Ownership Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is published six times a year (bimonthly) by the Inter- national Society of Arboriculture, a nonprof t professional association, as a service to the worldwide profession of arboriculture. ISA Board of Directors Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Staff ISSN 1935-5297 (print) ISSN 2155-0778 (online) © 2023, International Society of Arboriculture. All rights reserved. Copyright. Submission of a manuscript implies the work has not been previously published in a refereed journal, book, or peer-reviewed conference proceedings, and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts should be substantially dif erent from previously published conference proceedings, industry- oriented publications, and locally published progress or extension reports. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry operates under a Gratis Open Access model. All articles published in this journal are protected by copyright, which covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, as well as all translation rights. No material published in this journal may be reproduced without f rst obtaining written permission from the International Society of Arboriculture. Authors of articles published in this journal retain all rights to reproduce their work for internal or academic purposes as needed.
May 2023
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