ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU URBAN FORESTRY Volume 32, Issue 2, March 2006 & CONTENTS Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com E.M. Zimmerman and L.G. Jull Sodium Chloride Injury on Buds of Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, and Viburnum lantana ....................................................................................................................45 Abstract. Dormant lateral buds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), and wayfaringtree viburnum (Vibu num lantana L.) were collected and exposed to nine NaCl concentrations: 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, and 64,000 mg/L (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, and 64,000 ppm) in December 2001 and January and March 2002. Electrolyte leakage and visual observations of inner and outer tissue discoloration were used to assess injury. Bud injury generally increased as NaCl concentration increased. Bud morphologies of each species were related to tissue discoloration patterns; naked buds were more susceptible to NaCl than those with bud scales. Buds also exhibited seasonal NaCl resistance; the greatest resistance occurred in December. Norway maple, wayfaringtree viburnum, and littleleaf linden buds experienced 50% electrolyte leakage at calculated NaCl values of 12,941, 16,901, and 42,594 mg/L (12,941, 16,901, and 42,594 ppm) NaCl, respectively, but no severe inner tissue discoloration occurred at any level of NaCl treatment. In January, 50% electrolyte lea age occurred at lower NaCl concentrations in Norway maple [7,165 mg/L (7,165 ppm)] and littleleaf linden buds [27,118 mg/L (27,118 ppm)]. Moder- ate to severe inner tissue injury was detected for all species at 1,000 mg/L (1,000 ppm) NaCl. Buds were most susceptible to NaCl injury in March, with moderate to severe inner tissue discoloration occurring in wayfaringtree viburnum and littleleaf linden buds at 500 mg/L (500 ppm) NaCl. Key Words. Bud Morphology; Electrolyte Leakage; Salt Tolerance; Tissue Discoloration; Winter Injury. William F. Elmendorf and A.E. Luloff Using Key Informant Interviews to Better Understand Open Space Conservation in a Developing Watershed ......................................................54 Abstract. Open space provides people and the places where they live with numerous, well-documented benefits, very similar to those of trees and other landscaping. Oſten lost in the complicated development and growth arena, planning for the conservation of the green infrastructure of open space is important for healthy communities. The process of open space conservation provides arborists and urban foresters with oppor- tun ties to involve the community in planning and activism. Conserved open space provides arborists and urban foresters with maintenance and management opportunities and responsibilities. Although expensive and time-consuming, key informant interviews helped provide a logi- cal process for a deeper understanding of open space conservation in a developing Pennsylvania watershed. This qualitative process can be used by urban foresters and others in more inclusive and successful planning and decision making. As an investigative tool, the interviews provided information about attitudes, issues, and obstacles expressed by local leaders. The interviews also provided evidence that concerns expressed by experienced planners since the 1960s about land use planning and open space conservation in growing areas continue to be relevant today. Key Words. Growth and Development; Key Informant; Land Use Planning; Open Space Benefits; Open Space Conservation. Balakrishna Rao, Donald H. Marx, and Brian Jeffers Response of Oaks and Elm to Soil Inoculations With Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria in a Nursery .....................................................................................62 Abstract. Live oak (Quercus virginiana), laurel oak (Q. laurifolia), and Drake elm (Ulmus parvifolia) seedlings were grown for 1 year in 4 L (1 gal) contain- ers and then transplanted on 3 m (10 ſt) centers at a nursery in Florida, U.S. Two years later, in April 2002, ten seedlings per tree sp cies were treated by (1) soil injection with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria; (2) drenching with rhizobacteria and soil fungi applied monthly for 5 months; (3) a combination of (1) and (2); (4) drenching with Subdue® fungicide; or (5) nontreated controls. Root growth and mycorrhizal development were measured with root ingrowth cores. Aſter 1 year (1 April, 2003), mycorrhizal development and root growth as well as stem calipers were greater in treatments containing the mycorrhizal fungi for all three species. The rhizobacteria treatment also increased root and stem growth on Drake elm. The fungicide, Subdue, did not significantly affect mycorrhizal development or root or stem growth. There were few naturally occurring mycorrhizae on roots of trees in this nursery. Key Words. Ectomycorrhizae; Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM). ©2006 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
March 2006
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