©2023 International Society of Arboriculture 166 environment and the use or not of reflective material on the bench. The high radiation did not favor the development of Licania tomentosa seedlings. This was probably due to increased transpiration rate, an abiotic stress that can cause plant dehydration, damage photosyn- thetic tissues, and decrease photosynthesis, resulting in plants with lower biomass, as seen in the 18% shading environment. CONCLUSIONS The greenhouse with 42%/50% shading screen under the film and the screenhouse with a black screen of 30% shading were the best environments for the for- mation of seedlings of Licania tomentosa. The reflec- tive material on the cultivation bench did not provide better quality oiti seedlings. LITERATURE CITED Alves PL, Formiga KTM, Traldi MAB. 2018. Rainfall interception capacity of tree species used in urban afforestation. Urban Ecosystems. 21(4):697-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252 -018-0753-y Alves WL, Passoni AA. 1997. Composto e vermicomposto de lixo urbano na produção de mudas de oiti (Licania tomentosa [Benth]) para arborização. Urban waste compost and vermi- compost in the production of oiti seedlings (Licania tomentosa [Benth]) for afforestation. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. 32(10):1053-1058. https://seer.sct.embrapa.br/index.php/pab/ article/view/4748 Banzatto DA, Kronka SN. 2013. Experimentação agrícola. 4th Ed. Jaboticabal (Brazil): FUNEP. 237 p. Carneiro JGA. 1995. Produção e controle de qualidade de mudas florestais. 1st Ed. Curitiba (Brazil): UFDR/FUPE. 451 p. Costa E, da Silva BLB, Aguiar FKOM, Pereira TCC, da Silva Binotti FF. 2021. Use of benches with reflective material to favor production of rubber tree rootstock seedlings. Engenharia Agrícola. 41(4):409-417. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430 -Eng.Agric.v41n4p409-417/2021 Costa E, Lopes TC, da Silva AG, Zoz T, Salles JS, de Lima AHF, da Silva Binotti FF, da Costa Vieira GH. 2020a. Reflective material in the formation of Dipteryx alata seedlings. Research, Society and Development. 9(8):e430985428. https://doi.org/10 .33448/rsd-v9i8.5428 Costa E, Martins MB, Vendruscolo EP, da Silva AG, Zoz T, da Silva Binotti FF, Witt TW, de Castro Seron C. 2020b. Green- houses within the Agricultura 4.0 interface. Revista Ciência Agronômica. 51:e20207703. https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690 .20200089 da Costa GGS, Costa E, da Silva EM, Borges RS, da Silva Binotti FF, Vieira GHC, de Souza AFGO. 2020. Shading level, reflec- tive material, and seeding depth on the growth of baru seed- lings. CIGR Journal. 22(4):83-92. https://cigrjournal.org/ index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5785 The H:D index, widely used in forest species (Car- neiro 1995; Haase 2008; da Silva et al. 2020), is a tool that helps predict the robustness of seedlings in their final planting site, whether in the field or urban forest. For seedlings with the same height and different diam- eters, the smaller the diameter, the lower the quality; however, the quality of the change should not be eval- uated only by this parameter. The DQI is a vital parameter to assess seedling quality, being more important than variables such as height (Dickson et al. 1960; da Silva et al. 2020; Matos et al. 2020). Another variable of great impor- tance to be considered is the RDM; it was observed that the seedlings from the 42%/50% greenhouse, as well as those from the 30% screenhouse, had roots with high weight, which means that there was an invest- ment in producing denser roots, a characteristic of rustic plants that can adapt and survive in an environ- ment more easily than plants with more fragile roots with less dry matter (Carneiro 1995), in addition to expanding the absorption of nutrients and promoting growth and superior performance. When analyzing seedlings according to the quality indices, it was noted that the 30% screenhouse envi- ronment positively influenced the quality of the seed- lings according to H:D3 and DQI, since the cultural practices of the setting are factors that directly influence the growth and development of the species, acting on the physiology of the plant and as a consequence on its morphological development (Grossnickle et al. 2020). The plants produced in the 42%/50% green- house and those produced in the 30% screenhouse had the highest means for biometric data. The biomass distribution verified for Licania tomen- tosa evidenced that the seedlings were ready to be planted due to their quality and strong roots. With 29% root mass, Licania tomentosa seedlings have a great chance of survival and initial development in the field, allowing the roots to reach deeper layers of the soil where there is more water available, especially in times of drought. For Hirtella triandra of the same family (Chrysobalanaceae), seedlings with 22% root mass showed adequate development (Markesteijn and Poorter 2009). Additionally, a robust root mass enables increased nutrient absorption. This verified biomass distribution for Licania tomentosa is lower than that observed in rubber tree seedlings by Costa et al. (2021), who observed 60% for the shoot and 40% for the root system, regardless of the cultivation Alves et al: Influence of Protected Environments and Reflector Material on Oiti Seedlings
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