©2023 International Society of Arboriculture & URBAN FORESTRY Volume 49, No. 4, July 2023 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) CONTENTS Vitória Carolina Dantas Alves, Abimael Gomes da Silva, Edilson Costa, Thaise Dantas, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti, Murilo Battistuzzi Martins, Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo, and Gustavo Haralampidou da Costa Vieira Infl uence of Different Protected Environments and Refl ector Material on Cultivated Oiti (Licania tomentosa [Benth.] Fritsch) Seedlings ...................................................................... 159 Abstract. Background: Oiti (Licania tomentosa [Benth.] Fritsch) is an option for urban forestation and rural environments that require shading by plants, so studying the plant environment to obtain quality seedlings is essential. The present study aimed to evaluate oiti seedlings in differ- ent protected environments with or without refl ective material on a cultivation bench. Methods: The following protected environments were evaluated: an agricultural greenhouse covered with a low-density polyethylene fi lm and a thermo-refl ective screen with 42%/50% shading under the fi lm; an agricultural screenhouse with an aluminized screen with 35% shading; an agricultural screenhouse with a black screen with 30% shading; and an agricultural screenhouse with a black screen with 18% shading. Production systems with and without photosynthetically active radiation-refl ecting material (aluminized screen, Aluminet®) on the cultivation bench were assessed in each protected environment. Results: There was no interaction between the environmental factors; however, the environments infl uenced height, stem diameter, root dry matter, and total biometric relationships and growth rates. The refl ective material did not improve the quality of oiti seedlings. The ratio of shoot and root dry matter was, on average, 71% for the shoots and 29% for the roots. The photosynthetically active radiation received by oiti seed- lings ranged from 600 to 1,100 µmol m−2 s−1. Conclusions: The greenhouse with 42%/50% shading screen under the fi lm and the black screen with 30% shading were the best environments for the formation of Licania tomentosa seedlings. The refl ective material on the cultivation bench did not result in better quality oiti seedlings. Keywords. Chrysobalanaceae; Greenhouse; Luminosity; Screenhouse. Dr. Coralie Farinas Simmt, Dr. Davis Sydnor, Elizabeth L. White, Alexis Wooten, Dr. Francesca Peduto Hand, and Dr. Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello Field Resistance of American Sycamore ‘Davis’ to Canker Pathogens ................................. 170 Abstract. American sycamores (Platanus occidentalis L.) are found in many ecosystems and planted in urban landscapes worldwide. The trees are highly susceptible to anthracnose and canker pathogens, causing leaf blight and branch dieback. On The Ohio State University campus in Columbus, Ohio, an American sycamore was observed to thrive among many symptomatic sycamores. The healthy tree, subsequently pro- tected as cultivar ‘Davis,’ was vegetatively propagated and tested for fi eld resistance to natural infection of canker pathogens compared to the wildtype. Incidence and severity of leaf necrosis, incidence of dieback, and tree death were evaluated for 2 consecutive seasons. The incidence of leaf necrosis was disconnected from the incidence of dieback and tree mortality, as little to no leaves were produced on the wildtype trees. By the end of the second season, 7 out of 12 wildtype trees were dead, while all 12 ‘Davis’ trees were alive. Several canker pathogens were recovered from both ‘Davis’ and the wildtype, including Apiognomonia platani and Diaporthe eres. The latter had not been previously reported on American sycamore. Pathogenicity tests confi rmed that D. eres is indeed pathogenic on sycamores and also that ‘Davis’ is signifi cantly more resistant than wildtype to canker development and should be preferred over the wildtype in the urban landscape. Keywords. Anthracnose; Apiognomia platani; Canker; Diaporthe eres; Disease Resistance; Sycamore. Glynn C. Percival, Sean Graham, and Emma Franklin The Infl uence of Soil Decompaction and Amendments on Soil Quality ................................ 179 Abstract. Urban soil is often compacted during anthropogenic activities, which presents a challenging substrate for tree growth. Two tech- niques for decompacting soils (air spading and vertical mulching) were evaluated alone and in combination with the soil amendment biochar and/or a woodchip mulch. Effects on soil quality (bulk density, organic matter, vegetation ground cover, cotton strip degradation, root dry mass, and earthworm counts) were monitored over 5 years. A combined treatment of air spading, biochar, and a woodchip mulch layer proved opti- mal in improving the soil quality of a heavily compacted soil over the 5-year period. This treatment was, however, the most expensive and ARBORICULTURE
July 2023
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