108 Tiddens and Cloyd: Rose Susceptibility to Japanese Beetle Feeding Susceptibility of Three Rose Genotypes to Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Adult Feeding Paul Thomas Tiddens and Raymond A. Cloyd Abstract. Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) adults are a major insect pest of cultivated roses, causing extensive feeding damage to both foliage and flowers. Insecticides are primarily used to minimize adult injury to roses; however, insecticides may be harmful to natural enemies and their use may be restricted, particularly in public gardens. An alternative manage- ment strategy is the use of rose genotypes that express some level of herbivore tolerance. However, there is little information on rose genotypes that are tolerant or less susceptible to adult Japanese beetle leaf feeding. This study evaluated the susceptibility of three new rose genotypes introduced into the Crasberg Rose Garden at the Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, U.S. The genotypes were Rosa ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out™, Rosa ‘Crimson Bouquet,’ and Rosa ‘Love and Peace.’ Two laboratory experiments, a no-choice and multiple-choice leaf-feeding assay, were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to assess susceptibility of the new rose and two established genotypes to Japanese beetle adult feeding. Although there were significant statistical differences between the rose genotypes, in almost all cases the mean percentage damage rating exceeded 50%. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 no-choice experiments ranged from 15% to 78% and 60% to 75%, respectively. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 multiple-choice experiments ranged from 34% to 58% and 47% to 53%, respectively. These results indicate that all the rose genotypes tested are susceptible to Japanese beetle adult feeding and may not be appropriate selections for use in areas with established Japanese beetle populations. Key Words. Host plant resistance; integrated pest management; Japanese beetle; plant health; Popillia japonica; Rosa spp. Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), was first discovered in the United States in 1916 in New Jersey (Dickerson and Weis 1918; Johnson and Lyon 1991). As early as 1939 it was predicted that Japanese beetle populations would spread throughout the country and become permanently established (Fox 1939). Japanese beetles are now found in almost every state east of the Mis- sissippi River (Daar et al. 1996). Of the nearly 300 species of plants fed upon by Japanese beetle, roses appear to be the most preferred woody host (Hawley and Metzger 1940; Fleming 1972). Japanese beetle adults are major insect pests of cultivated roses grown in the eastern and midwestern por- tions of the United States (Johnson and Lyon 1991). The Chicago Botanic Garden (Glencoe, IL) contains the Crasberg Rose Garden, which has one of the largest rose collections in the United States. The garden displays over 5,000 roses and is updated periodically to showcase roses, including All-American Rose Selection award winners (AARS) (Chicago Botanic Garden 2004). Within the past 13 years, the Japanese beetle has become permanently estab- lished at the Chicago Botanic Garden (Tiddens 2004). As a result, many rose genotypes favored by Japanese beetles are not being incorporated into landscapes in northeastern Illi- nois. The primary means of minimizing Japanese beetle adult feeding on roses is the use of insecticides (Potter and Held ©2006 International Society of Arboriculture 2002). Although insecticide use may be justified to maintain the aesthetic quality of roses displayed in botanic gardens, a goal of the Chicago Botanic Garden’s Integrated Pest Man- agement (IPM) program is to maintain plant quality with minimum insecticide use. There are also concerns regarding the impact of broad-spectrum insecticides on beneficial or- ganisms (Van Driesche and Bellows 1996). To minimize in- secticide use, selecting roses that exhibit tolerance or that are less susceptible to Japanese beetle feeding could be a method to reduce insecticide inputs in the permanent collections. In fact, plant resistance or tolerance offers the greatest promise for low-input sustainable management of Japanese beetle adults (Potter and Held 2002). There is significant variability in susceptibility to Japanese beetle feeding among birch, Betula spp. (Ranney and Walgenbach 1992), flowering crabapple, Malus spp. (Ranney and Walgenbach 1992; Potter et al. 1998), linden, Tilia spp. (Miller and Ware 1999), and elm, Ulmus spp. (Miller et al. 1999). However, no resistance has been discovered in roses (Potter et al. 1998). Held and Potter (2004) note that prior to their study in determining the floral characteristics that attract Japanese beetle adults, re- search on roses and susceptibility to Japanese beetle adult feeding was limited, with only one previously published study investigating resistance of roses to adult Japanese beetle (Potter et al. 1998).
May 2006
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