Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32(3): May 2006 109 The purpose of this study was to evaluate how susceptible three new rose genotypes, Rosa ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out™, Rosa ‘Crimson Bouquet,’ and Rosa ‘Love and Peace,’ are to Japa- nese beetle adult leaf feeding under laboratory conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the susceptibility of the three new rose genotypes to Japanese beetle adult feeding, two experiments were con- ducted: a no-choice experiment and a multiple-choice experi- ment. The experiments were conducted in July 2002 and 2003 at the Chicago Botanic Garden between 1100 and 1900 degree days (DD10°C), when adult Japanese beetle popula- tions are active (Figure 1). Plant Material Rosa ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out (Knock Out rose), Rosa ‘Crimson Bouquet’ (Crimson Bouquet rose), and Rosa ‘Love and Peace’ (Love and Peace rose) were selected because they are the most recent rose genotypes introduced into the Crasberg Rose Garden permanent collection (planted in 2001), as well as AARS award winners. Two additional rose genotypes that are commonly used in landscapes in the Chicagoland area and are planted extensively in the Crasberg Rose Garden were also evaluated: Rosa ‘Centifolia’ (Cabbage rose) and Rosa ‘Nearly Wild’ (Nearly Wild rose). Cabbage rose was selected due to its apparent susceptibility to Japanese beetle adult feeding based on previous history in the Crasberg Rose Gar- den, whereas Nearly Wild rose was selected because it ap- pears to be less susceptible to Japanese beetle adult feeding (T. Tiddens, pers. obs.). Japanese Beetle Collection Adult Japanese beetles, used for both experiments, were col- lected using four Trece Catch Cans (Trece Inc., Adair, OK) baited with Trece Japanese Beetle 3-Way Lure (Trece Inc.). Collected beetles were removed from the Trece Catch Can 24 hr before use in the experiments and placed into a Ziploc 0.9 L (0.23 gal) clear plastic storage container (S.C. Johnson, Racine, WI) without food to standardize beetle hunger before use in the experiments. The storage container lid had 25, 1.3 cm (0.5 in) sections cut to provide ventilation. The holding container with the adult beetles was held in the laboratory at 24°C±3°C (75°F±3°F) and located 1.5 m (5 ft) below four, 34 W fluorescent lamps (Sylvania, Danvers, MA) for 24 hr. One hr before use, groups of five (for the no-choice experi- ment with a single leaflet per replication) or 25 (for the mul- tiple-choice experiment with five leaflets per replication) ac- tive beetles were selected from the holding container and placed into a 0.9 L (0.23 gal) clear plastic storage container. Within 1 hr, those beetles were placed into an evaluation chamber. The number of beetles per chamber to be used in the no- choice and multiple-choice experiments was determined in a preliminary study conducted several weeks before the main experiments. The selected number of adult beetles was cho- sen so that leaf area consumption over 24 hr would not ex- ceed 90% of available leaf tissue. Figure 1. Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman) adult counts based on degree days (DD10ºC ) at the Chi- cago Botanic Garden (Glencoe, IL) from 1996 through 2002. Adult counts obtained using four Trece Catch Can Traps (Trece Incorporated, Adair, OK) located throughout the Chicago Botanic Garden. Traps were baited with Trece 3-Way Lure (Trece Incorporated, Adair, OK). Data not available for 1999. Evaluation Chambers Ten evaluation chambers were created by modifying standard 18.9 L (4.9 gal) HDPE, 0.07 mL (0.002 oz), white plastic containers (Leaktite Corp., Leominster, MA). Each evalua- tion chamber had five equidistant 1.3 cm (0.5 in) diameter holes drilled in the bottom to support 10.2 cm (4.1 in) floral water picks (Amlings Flowerland, Hinsdale, IL), which were used to hold the prepared rose leaflets. The water picks were inserted into the holes, flush with the bottom of the container. The no-choice experiment required the use of a single water pick, whereas in the multiple-choice experiment all five water picks were used. Four empty (no leaflet or water) water picks blocked the other holes in the no-choice experiment. Each evaluation chamber was placed on a standard brick, which was used as a pedestal to allow the water picks to extrude through the bottom of the evaluation chamber. Flexible Silver Grey Fiberglass Insect Screening (Phifer Wire Products, Tus- caloosa, AL) was cut into 40.6 × 40.6 cm (15.9 × 15.9 in) squares to cover the top of the chamber, which was then secured using an elastic band. The chambers were centered 30.5 cm (12.2 in) below two, 34 W, 1.2 m (4 ft) fluorescent lamps (Syl- vania). The temperature was maintained at 29°C±3°C (84°F ±3°F). Each experiment was conducted over a 24 hr period under constant illumination. The evaluation chambers were washed with soap, rinsed, and allowed to dry prior to reuse. No-Choice Experiment Recently matured, pinnately compound rose leaves of each rose genotype were collected from the Crasberg Rose Garden in the late morning 30 min prior to use. Rose plants, from ©2006 International Society of Arboriculture
May 2006
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