190 Moore and McGarry: Potential for Bark Patch Graſting to Facilitate Tree Wound Closure Table 1. Source, size and dates related to the six species used in Experiment 1. Species Nursery of origin Quercus robur Platanus × acerifolia Pinus radiata Eucalyptus viminalis Acacia dealbata Banksia integrifolia Corella Nursery; Kallista, Victoria Corella Nursery; Kallista, Victoria Amcor Cowwarr Weir Nursery; Cowwarr, Victoria NRCL Nursery; Springvale, Victoria NRCL Nursery; Springvale, Victoria Seedling size at purchase 30 cm, bare-rooted 20 cm bare-rooted 15–20cm field-grown 20–30cm forestry tube <20 cm forestry tube 1st bark patch season Year 1 mid-winter (July) Year 1 mid-winter (July) Year 1 mid-autumn (April) Year 1 mid-winter (July) Year 1 mid-autumn (April) Table 2. Month for the commencement of each season’s patch bark grafting trial (n=10 for each treatment). Species Quercus robur Acacia dealbata Eucalyptus viminalis Platanus × acerifolia Pinus radiata Banksia integrifolia Plug graſt #1 Year 1 mid-winter (July) Year 1 mid-autumn (April) Plug graſt #2 Year 1 mid-spring (October) Year 1 mid-winter (July) ted to standard 150 mm pots (Table 1). All trees ranged from 700–1000 mm in height with a stem caliper in excess of 15 mm diameter before treat- ments were commenced. Of the 50 trees grown, the largest 40 of each species were used in the ex- periments, with ten trees available in case any of the trees proved unsuitable in either size or health. Circular plugs of bark were removed from the stem using a #3 cork borer, which cut a 9 mm diameter plug of bark tissue (Figure 2). The plug was liſted from the stem and then re-attached at one of four rotations—0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees—to the original cambial orientation. The plugs were rotated to ascertain the impor- tance of cambial orientation in the reconnection of the vascular tissues. To determine the effect of season, four different bark patch graſt rota- tions were performed on each specimen tree of all species with 10 replicates. Each patch treat- ment was performed in the middle of each of the four seasons—spring, summer, autumn, and winter—so that each tree received four bark patch graſts at the same orientation (Table 2). Once the bark plugs had been removed from the seedlings and then repositioned, they were ©2017 International Society of Arboriculture Plug graſt #3 Year 1 mid-summer (February) Year 1 mid-spring (October) Plug graſt #4 Year 2 mid-autumn (April) Year 1 mid-summer (February) held in position using budding tape. The tape holding the bark plug in place was removed two weeks later. Whether the bark plugs had success- fully re-attached was monitored at 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 weeks aſter graſting. The first treat- ments were imposed in mid-autumn of Year 1 on the B. integrifolia and P. radiata saplings, which were of suitable size. The other four species were treated in mid-winter of Year 1 when they had attained suitable size (Table 2). The trees remained in pots for the duration of the experiment. In the early weeks after treatment, weeks 2 and 4, callus production was taken as being indicative of possible re-attachment, and was thus scored positively. After this time, how- ever, the plugs were either attached to the surrounding bark so that they could not be dislodged or were falling out or easily dis- lodged with a probe at the time of inspection. The experiment involved six species, ten rep- licates of which were subjected to four plug ori- entations in each of four seasons. There were 240 trees in total, and the data collected at weeks 2 and 32 were subjected to a logarithmic regres- sion analysis to test the significance of seasonal, 200 mm pot 200 mm pot Container size 300 mm squat pot 200 mm pot 200 mm pot
September 2017
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