Table of Contents Brandon W. Wall, Thomas J. Straka, and Stephen E. Miller An Econometric Study of the Factors Influencing Participation in Urban and Community Forestry Programs in the United States ............................................... 221 Abstract. Public participation in urban and community forestry (U&CF) programs in the contiguous 48 states of the United States can be explained by several different factors using econometric methods. The state’s percent of working population, income level, per- cent of forested land, dominant political affiliation, state government expenditures on education, and the number of communi- ties participating in U&CF pr grams help explain the public participation rates in the programs. These factors accounted for 52% (R2 = 0.5218) of the variability in public partic pation in U&CF programs in 2003. Knowing the factors that influence pubic participa- tion in U&CF programs is vital to the success of the pr gram and can assist federal, state, and local decision-makers in planning efforts. Key Words. Econometric Model; Participation; Public Participation; Urban and Community Forestry; Urban Forestry. J. Jess Fleming, Thomas J. Straka, and Stephen E. Miller An Econometric Model to Predict Participation in Urban and Community Forestry Programs in South Carolina, U.S. ..................................................................... 229 Abstract. A regression-based econometric model was generated from a statewide survey of South Carolina, U.S., residents concerning particip tion in urban and community forestry programs. The econometric model attempts to estimate the probability of an individual’s participation. Results are intended to increase effectiveness of program planning and organization within state forestry commissions. Model 1 was created as follows: participa- tion = F (gender, age, education, marital status, region, area raised, area reside, household, duties, and income). Because these responses represented qualitative values, a number of dummy variables (0 or 1, for example, for yes or no) were generated to more accurately reflect the values for partici- pation and a logit model was used. Logit regression analysis produces a value between 0 and 1 that can be interpreted as a probability. Model 2, with fewer variables, was later created to reduce possible multicollinearity problems. Model 1 had a pseudo-R2 having a correct prediction for participation. Model 2 had a pseudo-R2 value of 0.2955 or a 29.55% probability of value of 0.2407. The models produced reasonable predictions of participation. Key Words. Econometrics; Public Involvement; Urban and Community Forestry. Herbert Schroeder, John Flannigan, and Richard Coles Residents’ Attitudes Toward Street Trees in the UK and U.S. Communities ........................................................ 236 Abstract. Research on residents’ attitudes has shown that street trees are highly valued elements of the urban environment and that their benefits far outweigh their annoyances. Much of this research was done in communities in the United States, and it is uncertain whether the findings can be generalized to other communities or countries. We compared residents’ opinions of street trees, perceptions of the benefits and annoyances trees provide, and preferences for tree size, shape, and growth rate between three communities in the United States and the United Kingdom. Overall, opinions of nearby street trees were positive and did not differ between the two UK communities and the U.S. community. Respo dents in the UK communities rated annoyances as more serious, shade as less of a benefit, and physical benefits as more significant than did the residents of the U.S. community. Respondents in the two UK communities also preferred smaller trees with slowe growth rates. Although these compari- sons cannot be used to make inferences about differences between the entire United Kingdom and United States, they do suggest some specific ways in which community characteristics such as climate and proximity of trees to houses may contribute to variation in attitudes toward trees. Key Words. Attitudes; Benefits; Residents; Street Trees; United Kingdom; United States. Christopher J. Fettig, Tom E. DeGomez, Kenneth E. Gibson, Christopher P. Dabney, and Robert R. Borys Effectiveness of Permethrin Plus-C (Masterline® ) and Carbaryl (Sevin SL® ) for Protecting Individual, High-Value Pines (Pinus) From Bark Beetle Attack ...................................................... 247 Abstract. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are commonly recognized as the most important mortality agent in western North Amercan conif- erous forests. High-value trees such as those located in residential, recreational, or administrative sites are particularly susceptible to attack. Regard- less of landowner objectives, tree losses in these unique environments generally have a catastrophic impact. The value of these individual trees, the cost of removal, and the loss of aesthetics may justify protection until the main thrust of a bark beetle infestation subsides. This situation emphasizes the need for assuring that effective insecticides are available for individual tree protection. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of permethrin plus-C (Masterline®) and carbaryl (Sevin SL®) for protecting ponderosa, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws., lodgepole, P. contorta Dougl. ex Loud., and pinyon, P. edulis Engelm., pines from bark beetle attack during two field seasons. Masterline® was effective for protecting P. contorta from mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, attack for one field season. However, Sevin SL® was efficacious for two field seasons. An insufficient number of P. ponderosa and P. edulis control trees were killed to make definitive conclusions regarding efficacy in those systems. The data reported here regarding Masterline® is the first published report on its effectiveness for preventing bark beetle attack on standing trees. Mas- terline® appears to be an effective individual tree protection tool, but repeated applications will be necessary if multiyear control is desired. Key Words. Carbaryl; Permethrin; Dendroctonus brevicomis; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Ips confusus; Ponderosa Pine; Lodgepole Pine; Pinyon Pine. ©2006 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
September 2006
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