192 Conway and Lue: Resident Knowledge and Support for Private Tree By-Laws in Greater Toronto Area Table 5. Cross-tabulation results of private tree by-law knowledge and support, for the size and number of trees regulated, tree replacement requirements, and cost of the application. Cramer’s V-test statistic and related P-value are given.z Household variable Knowledge of by-law Level of support Size and number of tree regulated Knowledge of by-law Municipality V = 0.161, P < 0.0001 V = 0.132, P < 0.0001 Tree replacement requirements V = 0.122, P < 0.0001 likely ‘no regulation’ than those with knowledge V = 0.187, P <0.0001 Cost of permit application V = 0.126, P < 0.001 No knowledge of by-law more No knowledge of by-law more No knowledge of by-law likely ‘no regulation’ than those with knowledge V = 0.272, P <0.0001 Brampton more unaware; Mississauga more ‘as is’ than Mississauga more likely to know Gender Education level know about by-law Length of residency Immigration status No significant relationship V = 0.134, P = 0.0001 University degree or above, more likely to choose ‘as is’ V = 0.124, P = 0.007 Two years or shorter, more likely to not know about by-law V = 0.142, P = 0.001 Born in Canada were more likely to know about by-law z The sample size is 1,075 for all comparisons. Residents with no prior knowledge of the by- law were significantly more likely to select “Tree removal on private property should not be regu- lated by the city” than residents who had prior awareness (Table 5). Gender was also a signifi- cant factor in the level of support for the size of trees regulated and cost of the permit, with males having relatively greater support for the by- law as currently written (Table 5). Respondents who had completed a university degree were less likely to be against municipal regulation of private tree removal and more likely to be sup- portive of the current regulation. Length of resi- dency was significantly related to lack of support for all three examined aspects of the regulations, with residents living in their current house for 20 or more years significantly more likely to select the not regulating private trees option. Immigra- tion status was not significantly related to level of support for the different by-law components. ©2018 International Society of Arboriculture DISCUSSION Forty-four to 71% of respondents from each neighborhood were aware that their municipal- ity had a private tree protection by-law, which indicates information about the by-laws is reach- ing many residents. Brampton and the Toronto neighborhood of North York had the lowest awareness-levels. These were also the two neigh- borhoods with the highest percent of respon- dents who identified as immigrants, which is associated with low knowledge levels. Another explanation for the lower awareness in Bramp- ton is that there is relatively little urban forestry outreach occurring by either the municipality or an NGO. However, the lower knowledge lev- el in Brampton does not necessarily mean that residents are more likely to violate the by-law, as there are fewer regulated trees in Brampton. In 2011, it was estimated that only 6% of Bramp- ton’s trees were regulated (i.e., over 30 cm DBH), V = 0.122, P = 0.006 Males more likely than females to choose ‘as is’ V = 0.091, P = 0.010 University degree or above more likely to ‘as is’ V = 0.086, P = 0.080 Twenty years or longer, more likely to choose ‘no regulation’ No significant relationship ‘no regulation’; Brampton and Toronto more no regulation than ‘as is’ Brampton more ‘no regulation’ Mississauga more ‘as is’ than ‘as is’; Mississauga and Toronto more ‘as is’ than ‘no regulation’ V = 0.201, P < 0.001 than ‘no regulation’; Brampton and Toronto more ‘no regulation’ than ‘as is’ No significant relationship V = 0.111, P < 0.0001 University degree or above more likely to choose V = 0.107, P = 0.001 Twenty years or longer, more likely to choose ‘no regulation’ No significant relationship V = 0.106, P -0.026 Males more likely than females to choose ‘as is’ V=0.100, P = 0.001 University degree or above more likely to choose ‘as is’ V = 0.098, P = 0.008 Twenty years or longer, more likely to choose ‘no regulation’ No significant relationship more likely ‘no regulation’ than those with knowledge
July 2018
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