ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU URBAN FORESTRY Volume 33, Issue 2, March 2007 & CONTENTS Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Denise M. Johnstone, Peter K. Ades, Gregory M. Moore, and Ian W. Smith Predicting Wood Decay in Eucalypts Using an Expert System and the IML-Resistograph Drill ....................................................................................76 Abstract. The evaluation of decayed wood in a tree trunk is essential for hazard tree assessment in arboriculture. In this study, an IML-Resist graph was highly successful as a field instrument in its ability to locate and predict the presence of decay in the trunk wood of eucalypts. A sys- tem for using the IML-Resistograph to estimate the area of decay in the cross-section of a eucalypt was evaluated for field use. The data from the IML Resistograph F300S can be used as part of an expert system to estimate the area of wood decay in a cross-section of a standing eucalypt. Key Words. Eucalypts; Hazard Trees; Resistograph; Tree Failure; Tree Risk Analysis; Wood Decay. Mary L. Duryea, Eliana Kampf, and Ramon C. Littell Hurricanes and the Urban Forest: I. Effects on Southeastern United States Coastal Plain Tree Species ......................................................................................83 Abstract. Several hurricanes struck Florida, U.S. in 2004 and 2005 causing widespread damage to urban and rural areas. We measured the impacts of five of these hurricanes on the urban forest and combined these results with four other hurricanes to present an assessment of wind resistance for southeastern United States coastal plain tree species. Urban forest loss was positively correlated with wind speed. Tree species de onstrating the highest survival in winds were sand live oak (Quercus geminata), American holly (Ilex opaca), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), live oak (Quercus virginiana), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), dogwood (Cornus florida), and sabal palm (Sabal palmetto). In a statistical comparison of sand live oak, live oak, and laurel oak (Quercus laurif lia) survival aſter four panhandle hurri- canes, laurel oak had significantly poorer survival than both live oak and sand live oak. Among all species, larger trees lost more branches than medium and smaller trees. Leaf loss had a positive relationship with survival; losing leaves during the hu ricane meant higher survival. Trees growing in groups or clusters had greater survival than those growing as individual trees. Tree species with higher wood density had greater survival. Tree species cat- egorized as having dense crowns lost more branches than those with moderate and open crowns; however, contrary to the literature, dense-crowned species survived best. A survey of arborists, scientists, and urban foresters ranked species for their wind resistance. Using our results from hurricane measurements and incorporating results from the survey and the scientific literature, we have developed lists of relative wind resistance for tree spe- cies in the southeastern coastal plain. These lists should be used with caution with the knowledge that no species and no tree is completely windproof. In addition, local considerations such as soil, cultural practices, tree age and health, and other urban forest conditions need to be taken into account. Key Words. Trees; Tropical Storms; Urban Trees; Wind. ©2007 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
March 2007
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