Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(3): May 2019 105 ornamental zone near the building of the Parlia- ment. Although GI gives a low temperature, the lowest temperatures inside the park in every case are recorded over relatively open surfaces with not much vegetation, such as the Los Tilos prom- enade, which has a dirt surface as well the marked open space of the walk between two rows of deciduous trees. The results obtained on the Ciutadella Park Figure 9. Surface pressure map and 500 hPa geopotential of 20 February 2015 (Source: Copyright©2015Meteociel.fr). reveal that its UCI clears the UHI. GI is crucial for the control of the UHI of Barcelona and the improvement of its urban climate. Climate change is increasing the occurrence of heat waves. During these events, the urban heat island becomes a true meteorological risk for health, producing an increase of morbidity and mortality in aged peo- ple or people with chronical diseases (Martín- Vide 2016; Xu et al. 2016). The additional heating produced by the heat island aggravates the effects of the heat wave itself. In the downtown area of Barcelona, the annual mean number of tropical nights is higher than 90, and there are already about five torrid nights per year with a minimum temperature higher than 25°C (77°F). The use of GI such as green roofs/walls, small gardens, etc., can minimize the adverse effects of the heat excess at night and decrease air pollution. Summing up, the use and promotion of other GI elements to help improve Barcelona’s resil- ience and sustainability in the context of climate change is of great interest. LITERATURE CITED Armaghan Ahmadi, V., M. Tenpierik, and H. Alireza Mah- dizadeh. 2017. Heat mitigation by greening the cities, a review study. Environment, Earth and Ecology 1(1): 5-32. Akbari, H., C. Cartalis, D. Kolokotsa, A. Muscio, A.L. Pisello, F. Rossi, M. Santamouris, A. Synnefa, N.H. Wong, and M. Zinzi. 2016. Local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques – the state of the art. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management. 22: 1–16. Alexandri, E., and P. Jones. 2008. Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates. Building Environment 43: 480–493. Figure 10. Isotherms map of Ciutadella Park on 20 February 2015 early in the night (Source: Cartographic base©Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya). Amoly, E., P. Dadvand, J. Forns, M. López-Vicente, X. Basagaña, J. Julvez, M. Alvarez-Pedrerol, M.J. Nieuwen- huijsen, and J. Sunyer. 2014. Green and blue spaces and behavioral development in Barcelona schoolchildren: The BREATHE project. Environmental Health Perspec- tives 122: 1351–8. Baró, F., L. Chaparro, E. Gómez-Baggethun, J. Langemeyer, D.J. Nowak, and J. Terradas. 2014. Contribution of eco- system services to air quality and climate change ©2019 International Society of Arboriculture
May 2019
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
