126 Yahner and Hutnik: Plant Species on a Right-of-Way Using IVM Strittholt, J.R., and D.A. DellaSalla. 2001. Importance of roadless areas in biodiversity conservation in forested ecosystems: Case study of the Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion of the United States. Conserv. Biol. 15:1742– 1754. Tyser, R.W., and C.A. Worley. 1992. Alien flora in grasslands adjacent to road and trail corridors in Glacier National Park, Montana (USA). Conserv. Biol. 6:253–262. Figure 2. A basal low-volume spray unit (BLV-3). Note the diversity of plant species in this unit (photo credit: R. Yahner, July 2003). found that exotic species were more common in forests and grassland near habitat edges, such as those at a road interface (Brothers and Spingarn 1992; Tyser and Worley 1992; Watkins et al. 2003; Pauchard and Alaback 2004). If forest roads in our study were paved, the number of exotic plant species could have been higher (Lundgren et al. 2004). Because units relatively isolated from state forest roads tended to have fewer exotic species, these sections of the ROW can serve as refugia for native flora (after Strittholt and DellaSalla 2001). LITERATURE CITED Bramble, W.C., and W.R. Byrnes. 1996. Integrated vegetation management of an electric utility right-of-way ecosystem. Down to Earth 51(1):29–34. Brothers, T.S., and A. Spingarn. 1992. Forest fragmentation and alien plant invasion of central Indiana old-growth forests. Conserv. Biol. 6:91–100. Lundgren, M.R., C.J. Small, and G.D. Dreyer. 2004. Influence of land use and site characteristics on invasive plant abundance in the Quinebaug Highlands of southern New England. Northeast. Nat. 11:313–322. Pauchard, A., and P.B. Alaback. 2004. Influence of elevation, land use, and landscape context on patterns of alien plant invasions along roadsides in protected areas of south-central Chile. Conserv. Biol. 18:238–248. Rhoads, A.F., and W.M. Klein, Jr. 1993. The Vascular Flora of Pennsylvania: Annotated Checklist and Atlas. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA. 636 pp. Rooney, T.P, S.M. Wiegmann, D.A. Rogers, and D.M. Waller. 2004. Biotic impoverishment and homogenization in unfragmented forest understory communities. Conserv. Biol. 18:787–798. APPENDIX The table on the following pages contains a list plant species (in phylogenetic order) noted in wire zones (W), border zones (B), in both zones (WB), or absent (——) in 15 treatment units on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area from late May through mid-August 2003 and 2004. The replication of each treatment is given after each unit, where treatments are mowing (M), mowing plus herbicide (MH), stem–foliage spray (SF), foliage spray (F), basal low-volume (BLV), and handcut (HC). Scientific names are taken from Rhoades and Klein (1993). Watkins, R.Z., J. Chen, J. Pickens, and K.D. Brosofske. 2003. Effects of forest roads on understory plants in a managed forested landscape. Conserv. Biol. 17:411–419. Yahner, R.H. 2000. Eastern Deciduous Forest: Ecology and Wildlife Conservation (2nd ed.). University of Minnesota Press, St. Paul, MN. 295 pp. Yahner, R.H., and R.J. Hutnik. 2004a. Integrated vegetation management on an electric transmission right-of-way in Pennsylvania, U.S. J. Arboric. 30:295–300. ———. 2004b. State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Project—52 Years of Continuous Study. Annual Report to Cooperators. 33 pp. Acknowledgments. Cooperators were Asplundh Expert Tree Company, Dow AgroSciences, FirstEnergy (Penelec), and the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Thanks to R.T. Yahner for field assistance and to E. Hill for assistance in preparing the manuscript. * School of Forest Resources The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16802, U.S. *Corresponding author: Richard H. Yahner. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
May 2005
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