148 Elmendorf et al.: Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Education in the U.S. provides evidence that many of the broader educational topics important to this profession are not considered important. These findings may provide insight into the traditional and conservative attitudes of the profession and indicate a lack of understanding of the importance of the multi-skills and broader educational topics crucial to urban forestry by both arboriculture and urban forestry educators. LITERATURE CITED Agresti, A., and B. Finley. 1986. Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences. Dellen, San Francisco, CA. 536 pp. Andresen, J.W. 1977. University arboricultural education in North America. J. Arboric. 3(2):27–32. ———. 1981. Current trends in North American university arboricultural education. J. Arboric. 7(10):253–257. Andresen, J.W., and B.M. Williams. 1975. Urban forestry education in North America. J. For. 73(12):786–790. Andresen, J.W., and C. Johnson. 1982. Is urban forestry education ready for the future?. J. For. 80(10):658–659. Ball, J. 1987. Technical arboricultural education. Arbor Age 7(8):16, 18. Campana, R.J. 1999. Arboriculture: History and Development in North America. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MO. 443 pp. Chadwick, L.C. 1941. Arboriculture education. Arborist’s News 6(7):49–51. Coufal, J.E. 1979. How many technical schools and students? How much employment? J. For. 77(2):99–101. Deneke, F.J. 1978. Urban forestry education interdisciplinary programs]. J. Arboric. 4(7):154–156. Felix, R. 1987. Arboriculture: A career in search of employees. Am. Nurseryman 165(3):59–67. Gerhold, H., and S. Frank. 2002. Our Heritage of Community Trees. Pennsylvania Urban and Community Forestry Council, Mechanicsburg, PA. 73 pp. Green, S., N. Salkind, and T. Akey. 2000. Using SPSS for Windows: Analyzing and Understanding Data. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 195 pp. Hildebrandt, R.E., D.W. Floyd, and K.M. Koslowsky. 1993. A review of urban forestry education in the 1990s. J. For. 91(3):40–42. Hirt, R.R. 1974. Opportunities in arboriculture. Arborist’s News. 39(11):169–175. Johnson, M., and L. Shimada. 2004. Urban forestry in a multicultural society. J. Arboric. 30(3):185–191. Jorgensen, E. 1970. Urban forestry in Canada,, pp. 43a–51a. In Proceedings of the 46th International Shade Tree Conference. King, G. 1977. Principles of education in arboriculture. J. Arboric. 3(7):137–140. ———. 1979. Education in arboriculture. J. Arboric. 5(7):159. Konijnendijk, C. 1997. A short history of urban forestry in Europe. J. Arboric. 23(1):31–39. Konijnendijk, C., T. Randrup, and K. Nilsson. 2000. Urban forestry research in Europe: An overview. J. Arboric. 26(3): 152-161. Kuhns, M.R., H.A. Bragg, and D.J. Blahna. 2002. Involvement of women and minorities in the urban forestry profession. J. Arboric. 28(1):27–34. McPherson, E.G. 1984. Employer perspectives on arboriculture education. J. Arboric. 10(5):137–142. Miller R.W. 1994. Urban forestry education: Traditions and possibilities. J. For. 92(10):26–27. Nilsson, K., and T. Randrup. 1997. Urban and periurban forestry, pp. 97–110. In Forest and Tree Resources: Proceedings of the XI World Forestry Congress, Vol. 1., 13–22 Oct. 1997, Antalya, Turkey. Penn-Del Chapter of ISA. 2001. Arboriculture: The State of the Industry. The Pennsylvania Delaware Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture, Bedminster, PA. 10 pp. Randrup, T., C. Konijnendijk, and F. Andersen. 2001. Review of higher education on urban forestry in Europe. Report of COST Action E12. European Communities, Luxembourg. 229 pp. Rodbell, P.D. 1993. Back to the books. Urban For. 12(6):11. Ryan, H.D.P. III. 1981. Arboricultural education: Is there a problem? J. Arboric. 7(7):183–185. 1* Assistant Professor of Community Forestry 108 Ferguson Building Penn State School of Forest Resources University Park, PA 16802, U.S. 2Assistant Professor of Urban and Community Forestry Texas A&M University Department of Forest Science College Station, TX 77843, U.S. 3 Director of Educational Goods and Services International Society of Arboriculture P.O. Box 3129 Champaign, IL 61826, U.S. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
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