Table of Contents Camilo Ordóñez, Peter N. Duinker, A. John Sinclair, Tom Beckley, and Jaclyn Diduck Determining Public Values of Urban Forests Using a Sidewalk Interception Survey in Fredericton, Halifax, and Winnipeg, Canada ................................................................................... 46 Abstract. With the majority of Canada’s population concentrated in cities, it is important to determine what people con- sider important in urban nature. The concept of values can help illustrate what people consider important in urban nature beyond utilitarian considerations. This is the case for urban forests. However, many studies about public opinion on urban for- ests do not capture expressions of importance, focus on all the trees of the city, or provide respondents with a direct experi- ence of urban forests. In Canada, most assumptions about Canadian urban forest values are based on results from the United States. In this study researchers present and analyze urban forest values data gathered with a sidewalk interception survey in the cities of Fred- ericton, New Brunswick; Halifax, Nova Scotia; and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, to address some of these limitations. Respondents were asked to rate the level of importance of urban forests and mention the reasons. Results show that respondents rate the urban forest at a high level of importance and the reasons for this are aesthetics, air quality, shade, and naturalness, among other themes. There was a tendency for older people, women, and non-students to rate urban forests at a higher level of importance. Weather, related to time of year of survey delivery, has a discernible influence on the way value themes are distributed in the data. The study authors infer that this method helps cap- ture data on respondents’ psychological states instead of their intellectual awareness as to what they consider important about urban forests. Key Words. Canada; Fredericton; Halifax; Public Perception; Street Intercept Surveys; Survey; Urban Forest Attitudes; Urban Forest Values; Winnipeg. Keith N. Turnquist, Les P. Werner, and Brian L. Sloss An Examination of Soil Microbial Communities and Litter Decomposition in Five Urban Land Uses in Metropolitan Milwaukee, WI, U.S. ...................................................................................... 58 Abstract. The process of urbanization may alter the ability of microorganisms composition and structure of to supply nutrients soil biological communities, and the extent of variation within these communities, to plants. However, both the is not clear in urban areas. Therefore, baseline information regarding the impact of urban land management practices on soil microbial com- munities is essential to improving individuals’ ability to manage urban soils and the plants they support. This study examined soil microbial communities over five urban land uses with different degrees of urbanization in metropolitan Milwaukee, Wis- consin, U.S. The objectives were to 1) determine if differences exist in bacterial and fungal community composition, biological activity, and the soil physical and chemical environment across five urban land uses, and 2) determine if differences in the bac- terial and fungal compositions compare to differences in the soil’s physical and chemical characteristics. Bulk density, soil organic matter, pH, magnesium, sodium, total nitrogen, and C:N ratio displayed significant differences between streets and for- ests. Microbial biomass did not differ between land uses, and the differences in bacterial and fungal community composition reflect only a small portion of the total microbial pool. The decomposition of transposed leaf litter showed significant decline in C:N ratio over time, but no statistical differences between land use were observed. The results display a highly redundant micro- bial assemblage, and suggest that in locations with adequate levels of soil carbon and where parent material and soil form- ing processes are homogeneous, urbanization and landscape management have less impact on soil microbiology than expected. Key Words. PLFA; Soil; Soil Bacteria; Soil Fungi; Soil Microbiology; TRFLP; Urbanization; Wisconsin. ©2016 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
January 2016
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