Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 42(1): January 2016 Table 1. Manufacturer, dimensions, and abbreviations for eight types of #15 and #45 containers. Manufacturer and abbreviation top diameter at fill height (cm) #15 Substrate fill height/container #45 Air-Pot® - AP Caledonian Tree Company, Ltd. Scotland Cool Ring™ - CR The Cool Ring™ Company Lakeland, Florida, U.S. Fanntum™ - FN Fanntum Products, Inc. Statesville, North Carolina, U.S. JackPot™ - JP Legacy Nursery Products, LLC Palm City, Florida, U.S. RootBuilder® II – RB Rootmaker® Products Company, LLC Huntsville, Alabama, U.S. RootTrapper® II – RTz Rootmaker® Products Company, LLC Huntsville, Alabama, U.S. Smart Pot Pro® - SP Root Control, Inc. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. Smooth-sided, solid-walled – SS Nursery Supplies, Inc. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. z Grown in #3 Rootmaker II® (RM) prior to shiſting into RT (see Gilman et al. 2010a for details). them erect and to develop a straight trunk. Branches on trees were pruned twice during the growing season to develop a dominant trunk and leader by reducing competing branch length with heading cuts. Trunk diameter 15 cm above substrate and height from substrate to top of tree were measured September 2008 and each subsequent autumn. Root balls on nine trees of each #3 container type (72 trees) were washed of substrate in November 2008, and the root balls were evaluated (see Gilman et al. 2010a for details). In February 2009, 288 total trees in #3 containers were shiſted to the same eight types of #15 containers with the same substrate described above and placed 0.4 m apart on woven black ground cloth in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were kept intact when shiſting to the larger size. Trunks were marked on the north side to maintain trees in precisely the same cardinal direc- tion throughout the study. The RM was replaced by RT (a recommended type of fabric container by the same manufacturer) because RM sizes larger than #5 were not available; this treatment will be referred as RT. Root balls on half of the trees of each #3 container type were pruned during the shiſting process in one of two ways: 1) no root pruning, or 2) shaving off the outer 3 cm of the root ball sides and bottom. Shaving was performed using a sharp straight-backed dig- ging shovel, while the root ball was standing upright on the ground out of the container; the bottom was removed in the same manner while the tree was lying on the ground. Removed roots were as large as 8 mm diameter. Branches on trees in #15 containers were pruned twice using heading and reduction cuts to maintain a dominant leader (Gilman and Lilly 2008). The remaining 24 trees from #3 containers (8 container types × 3 replicates = 24) were planted directly into the ground (see Gilman et al. 2015b). In November 2009, root balls from #15 containers (8 container types × 2 root prunings × 5 replicates = 80 trees) were washed of substrate before roots were measured in a variety of ways. Root measure- ments on #15 root balls included the following: percent trees grading as a cull, according to Florida Grades and Standards for Nursery Plants (cull = ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture 35/44 47/61 44,710 167,703 31/44 46/62 47,299 139,058 31/43 30/74 44,634 127,182 38/42 38/69 52,559 140,737 31/39 36/61 38,651 103,787 24/51 54/76 45,331 149,097 29/44 41/76 45,328 185,333 33/46 40/76 54,210 33 Substrate volume (cm3 #15 #45 182,437 )
January 2016
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