50 The nominal data on value themes were ana- lyzed for proportions based on a χ2 statistic and according to all independent variables, including city, weather (hot/cold), date, time and place of delivery, interviewer, sex, age (decade born), occupation (original and student/non-student), and environmental group membership (yes/no). The χ2 statistics were calculated from contingency tables created to relate the set of responses with the independent variables, which contain the sampling and demographic characteristics. The magnitude of the χ2 statistic was used to interpret the relative distribution of value themes within a significant variable. First and second mentions were analyzed separately. The “no response” code was not included in the χ2 statistical analyses. RESULTS A total of 1077 survey responses were captured, with 38%, 37%, and 24% of those responses recorded in Fredericton, Halifax, and Winnipeg, Ordóñez et al.: Determining Public Values of Urban Forests respectively. There was a strong difference in weather among cities, with Winnipeg having 79% of responses in hot conditions and Hali- fax having 62% of responses in cold conditions. The demographic characteristics of respon- dents between cities were similar for sex (52% female, 48% male overall) but differed in decade born and occupation. There was a strong age dif- ference between Halifax, with 64% of respondents born in the 1980s and 1990s, and Winnipeg and Fredericton, with 77% and 62% of respondents born in or before the 1970s, respectively. The two most-frequent occupation codes for all cities were students and retirees, with the latter being more frequent only in Winnipeg (17%). Recoding the occupation data proved useful to observe the unequal distribution of students and non-students between cities, with non- students accounting for 50% of responses in Hali- fax but accounting for 77% and 90% of responses in Fredericton and Winnipeg, respectively. Table 2. Ratings of importance for urban forests indicating sampling and demographic characteristic, and relevant statis- tics, based on the survey results from Fredericton, Halifax, and Winnipeg. Sampling and demographic characteristics City Fredericton Halifax Winnipeg Weather Cold Hot Sex Female Male Age (decade born) 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Occupation Student Non-student Mean of Rating (± margin of error)z 4.6 (±0.04) 4.6 (±0.03) 4.7 (±0.03) 4.3 (±0.15) 4.8 (±0.03) 4.7 (±0.02) 4.6 (±0.03) 5.0 (±0.00) 4.9 (±0.02) 4.9 (±0.03) 4.9 (±0.02) 4.8 (±0.05) 4.6 (±0.07) 4.5 (±0.05) 4.5 (±0.06) 4.5 (±0.04) 4.7 (±0.02) Environmental group membership Yes No 4.7 (±0.06) 4.6 (±0.02) % of total responsesy 38% 37% 24% 60% 40% 53% 47% 01% 04% 09% 14% 14% 14% 28% 16% 30% 70% 10% 90% Statistics (P-value) One-way ANOVAx 0.018 Two-tailed t-testx n/a Mann-Whitney testx n/a <0.0001 0.001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.006 n/a <0.0001 <0.0001 n/a <0.0001 0.229 z Margin of error based on a 95% confidence interval. Means are based on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being highest. y Total responses =1077. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. x Based on a 95% confidence level (critical P-value = 0.05). <0.0001 0.244 0.02 0.128 ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture
January 2016
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Ai generated response may be inaccurate.
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success.
Downloading PDF
Generating your PDF, please wait...
This process might take longer please wait
