ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS URBAN FORESTRY Volume 39, Issue 5, September 2013 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) ® www.isa-arbor.com Anna Levinsson Post-transplant Shoot Growth of Trees From Five Different Production Methods is Affected by Site and Species ...................................................................................................................201 Abstract. Aſter transplanting, many trees enter a period of reduced growth that may limit their environmental and aesthetic benefits for several years. A number of nursery production methods have been developed in attempt to reduce root disturbance, which is oſten associated with the reduced growth. The main objective of this study was to investigate how five nursery production methods affect root systems and post-transplant shoot growth. Other objectives were the study of the effect of root structure (i.e., fibrous verses coarse) on trees’ response to different production methods and the effect of the conditions at the transplanting site. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) with a stem cir- cumference of 16–18 cm were produced as bare-rooted-, balled-and-burlapped-, root-pruned-, air-potted-, or fabric-container-grown trees, trans- planted at two sites and studied for five seasons. Visual analysis showed that the production methods had clear effect on the root balls at transplanting. However, the differences were not clearly related to shoot growth. All transplanted red oaks, regardless of production method, showed significantly reduced shoot growth compared to pre-transplant growth. Balled and burlapped, root-pruned, and fabric-container-grown sweet cherry trees exhibited restored pre-transplant shoot growth three years aſter transplanting at the more favorable site. The results suggest that the fibrous-rooted sweet cherry was more responsive to production methods designed to reduce transplanting stress than the coarse-rooted red oak, and that site affected the time required for normal shoot growth to be regained. The results do not indicate that different sites require differently produced trees. Key Words. Nursery Production; Prunus avium; Quercus rubra; Red Oak; Root Growth; Root Structure; Shoot Growth; Sweden; Sweet Cherry; Transplanting Stress; Urban Trees. ® Nematollah Etemadi, Rezvan Mohammadi Nezhad, Najmeh Zamani, and Mohammad Mahdi Majidi Effect of Transplanting Date and Harvest Method on Growth and Survival of Three Urban Tree Species in an Arid Climate ................................................................................................. 211 Abstract. The major challenges for transplanting trees in arid regions compared to temperate regions are higher mortality and slower rate of estab- lishment. As such, date and method of transplanting can potentially improve survival and establishment as well as subsequent landscape performance of transplanted trees in arid climate. In the present study, three urban species commonly used in the Isfahan, Iran, landscape including eldarica pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.), white mulberry (Morus alba L.), and smoothleaf elm (Ulmus carpinifolia Gled.), were transplanted from January to June 2010, when mean air temperature was less than 10°C (early winter), between 10°C and 20°C (early spring), or more than 20°C (late spring). Half of the trees were bare root (BR) and half balled and burlapped (B&B). White mulberry and smoothleaf elm trees transplanted early in winter had the highest sur- vival percentage over two years. The best survival for eldarica pine was observed in early spring transplanted trees. For all species, survival rate and trunk diameter increase of B&B trees were significantly greater than BR trees during the first year. Also, the first year’s shoot growth and shoot number of pine trees, and dieback on elm trees, were significantly affected by transplanting method. During the second year, tree growth and survival for all species were similar for B&B and BR trees. Annual shoot growth of eldarica pine and smoothleaf elm trees, but not white mulberry, equaled to non- transplanted trees by the end of third year aſter transplanting, suggesting a species-specific response for post-transplant establishment in arid climate. Key Words. Arid Climate; Balled and Burlapped; Bare Root; Cultural Practices; Eldarica Pine; Iran; Isfahan; Morus alba; Pinus eldarica; Relative Growth Rate; Shoot Growth; Smoothleaf Elm; Ulmus carpinifolia; White Mulberry. ©2013 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
September 2013
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