Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 48(2): March 2022 One-of-a-Kind Places, Quads, Preservation Areas, or Intimate Spaces (Indiana University Bloomington and Smithgroup JJR 2010). The list includes green spaces not included on any previous maps and plans, includ- ing SPEA Grove, Beech Grove, and the East 17th Street Woods. It is worth noting that the plan did not actually create new green spaces, but instead chose to recognize natural areas on campus that had existed but were not formally recognized, noted, or labeled on maps. This most recent plan incorporated the ecological health of the campus, including a goal to double the campus tree canopy area from 20% to 40%. The most current data (Davey Resource Group 2019) indicates canopy cover remaining at 20%. This pattern echoes Roman et al. (2017) in finding that appreciable changes in canopy cover would be expected to occur over generations rather than years. Since the 2010 Master Plan was written, notable changes have been made to natural spaces on IUB’s campus. First, and perhaps the most visually striking, was the moving in 2019 of the campus Carillon from its prior location to Cox Arboretum. This added a new structure to the green space, potentially changing the use of the space and encouraging the addition of future infrastructure to the area. Additionally, the wooded area near Bryan House has also been altered with the 2017 addition of the Conrad Prebys amphi- theater to the area. Also, the university dedicated its newest official green space, The Ostrom Commons, in honor of Nobel Prize laureate, IU faculty member, and Ostrom Workshop cofounder Elinor Ostrom. This green space is an area at the edge of Bryan Woods, so its designation seems to change its status from Woods to more of a gathering space. Finally, the university announced in late 2020 plans to convert a current parking lot on the north side of campus into a new green space that will include tree patches as well as an open lawn (Feickert 2020). Although forest and other green patches have per- sisted at IUB for over 100 years, there have been noticeable changes within patches, some more than others. Dunn Meadow remains mostly intact as a mowed, grassy “meeting ground,” with merely the addition or removal of bordering trees over time. Dunn’s Woods has undergone much more significant changes. Because the woodland was meant to be devel- oped as a campus, University Place (J. Capshew, per- sonal communication, 2021 January 22), the original 83 20 acres were eventually developed along each side with buildings, and only about 8 interior acres remain. Besides the removal of a small piece of the wood- lands in the 1960s for the Law School expansion, the green patch has changed from a formerly open, grazed woodland in the early 1900s (Figure 7) to a more fully stocked forested area later in the century. More recent changes to the woodland (learned via personal communication in 2020 with IU Landscape Architect’s office) have been the widespread infesta- tion and removal campaigns of invasive wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei), tornado damage in May 2012 (around 30 trees lost), and the expansion of built infrastructure (paved trails, lighting, and seating areas). These types of changes can probably be expected in any study of urban forest patches. A cataloguing and ranking of the importance of such changes (ecologi- cal and otherwise) should be developed in future stud- ies of urban forest patches in the city of Bloomington and beyond. DISCUSSION Context of Findings Our historical analysis of green patches on the Indi- ana University Bloomington campus revealed tem- poral patterns of planning for preservation or removal Figure 7. Dunn’s Woods as seen in the early 1900s, much more open than currently with rows of planted trees. Campus from Indiana Avenue well before Bryan Hall was built (circa 1908). Photograph by Floy Underwood. Image number P0078307. Photograph used with permission from the Indiana University Archives. ©2022 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2022
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