116 Pace et al: Tree Measurements in the Urban Environment Figure 1. Sample plots in Villa Paolina (A–F) with tree position and canopy area recorded by Field-Map. Umea, Sweden) was used to measure tree height, crown base height, and crown width, and the defau “Metric” app was used for DBH. In addition, under-canopy photos of trees were acquired to evaluate shading factors (S) of several tree species (Table 3) with the software GIMP (version 2.10.24) using th following equation: addition, under-canopy photos of trees were acquired to evaluate the shading factors (S) of several tree spe- cies (Table 3) with the software GIMP (version 2.10.24) using the following equation: 𝑆𝑆翃䜬Ự = 1− (Total pixels−Wood pixels)× Light pixels 1 The 3D model of stems in the study area based on smartphone LIDAR data was obtained using the Po application (Polycam Inc., https://poly.cam). We tested the volume and area calculation of 3D model using the software Agisoft Metashape (version 1.7.3, Agisoft LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia). Pearson's test was used to evaluate the statistical correlation between tree parameters measured by different instruments. The 3D model of stems in the study area based on smartphone LIDAR data was obtained using the Polycam application (Polycam Inc., https://poly.cam). We tested the volume and area calculation of 3D model stems using the software Agisoft Metashape (version 1.7.3, Agisoft LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia). Pearson’s test was used to evaluate the statistical correlation between tree parameters measured by dif- ferent instruments. Figure 2. Representative pictures of measured plots in the study area.
