Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(2): March 2019 for increasing street tree canopy cover along footpaths in residential areas was supported by home-buyers’ preferences for increased tree cover (Plant et al. 2017). It is also important to recognise that the scope of this study has been limited to the preferences of house-buyers. A more comprehensive understanding of community preferences for species diversity should consider renters and the multi-unit residential sectors whose streetscape values may vary. The hedonic pric- ing approach also limits our understanding to “what” is preferred, not “why.” We encourage further explo- ration of stakeholder perceptions and values, alongside assessments of urban forest structure and services, to better inform urban forest decision making at finer scales. CONCLUSION The results of this study sound a warning for urban forest managers seeking to increase species diversity within streets based on assessments of street tree pop- ulation structure alone. We revealed resident preference for limited species richness at the local streetscape scale, which was not reflected in previous studies at neighbourhood- and city-wide scales, and significant interactions between sensitivity for street tree species rich- ness in streets and socio-economic status of locations. Planning must take into consideration the scale at which diversity needs to be managed in the urban forest. Municipalities that integrate assessments of both urban forest structure and insights about how residents experi- ence and value structural features, at the scale they are experienced, are more likely to lead to better outcomes for both urban trees and the residents they live with. Acknowledgments. Achieving the research objectives has been made possible by data made available under licence agreement from Brisbane City Council and generous support from the Nursery and Garden Industry of Australia, who have championed signifi- cant advances in promoting and sustaining the benefits of trees to the quality of life in Australian cities. LITERATURE CITED Almas, A.D. and T.M. Conway (2016). The role of native species in urban forest planning and practice: A case study of Carolinian Canada. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 17: 54-62. Alvey, A.A. (2006). Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 5(4): 195-201. Ambrey, C.L. and C.M. Fleming (2014). Valuing ecosystem diversity in South East Queensland: A life satisfaction approach. Social Indicators Research 115(1): 45-65. Anderson, L.M. and H.K. Cordell (1988). Influence of trees on residential property values in Athens, Georgia (U.S.A.): A 49 survey based on actual sales prices. Landscape and Urban Planning 15(1-2): 153-164. Anselin, L. and A.K. Bera (1998). Spatial dependence in linear regression models with an introduction to spatial econometrics. Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics. A.U. a. D.E. Giles. New York, Marcel Dekker: 237-289. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Census Quick Stats, Bris- bane–Dwellings. Retrieved 9 June 2014 from http://www. censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/ 2011/quickstat/3001?opendocument&navpos=220. Avolio, M., D. Pataki, S. Pincetl, T. Gillespie, G.D. Jenerette, and H. McCarthy (2015). Understanding preferences for tree attributes: the relative effects of socio-economic and local environmen- tal factors. Urban Ecosystems 18(1): 73-86. Birtles, P.J., J. Hore, M. Dean, R. Hamilton, J. Dahlenburg, J. Moore, and M. Bailey (2014). Creating a liveable city—The role of ecosystem services. Blacktown City Council & Sydney Co-operative for Urban Water Research Independent. Botzat, A., L.K. Fischer, and I. Kowarik (2016). Unexploited opportunities in understanding liveable and biodiverse cities. A review on urban biodiversity perception and valuation. Global Environmental Change 39: 220-233. Braverman, I. (2008). Everybody loves trees. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum(19): 81-118. Brisbane City Council. (2013). Street Trees. Retrieved 30 Jun 2013 from http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/environment-waste/ natural-environment/plants-trees-gardens/brisbanes-trees/ street-trees/index.htm. Brisbane City Council. (2014). City Plan 2014. Retrieved 28 Mar 2015 from http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/planning-building/ planning-guidelines-tools/brisbane-city-plan-2014. Byrne, J., N. Sipe, and G. Searle (2010). Green around the gills? The challenge of density for urban greenspace planning in SEQ. Australian Planner 47(3): 162-177. Camacho-Cervantes, M., J.E. Schondube, A. Castillo, and I. MacGregor-Fors (2014). How do people perceive urban trees? Assessing likes and dislikes in relation to the trees of a city. Urban Ecosystems: 1-13. Campbell, L.K. (2014). Constructing New York City’s urban forest. The politics and governance of the MillionTreesNYC campaign. City of Melbourne. (2013). Urban Forest Strategy. Retrieved 17 Jun 2013 from http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/ UrbanForest/Pages/About.aspx. City of Melbourne. (2015). Urban Forest Precinct Plans. Retrieved 21 Oct 2015 from http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/community/ parks-open-spaces/urban-forest/pages/urban-forest-precinct- plans.aspx. City of Sydney. (2013). Urban Forest Strategy. Retrieved 26 Aug 2013 from http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0003/132249/Urban-Forest-Strategy-Adopted -Feb- 2013.pdf. Conway, T.M. and E. Bang (2014). Willing partners? Residential support for municipal urban forestry policies. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 13(2): 234-243. Conway, T.M. and J. Vander Vecht (2015). Growing a diverse urban forest: Species selection decisions by practitioners planting and supplying trees. Landscape and Urban Planning 138: 1-10. Daniel, C. (2012). The Pattern of Tree Cover in Brisbane’s Suburbs: Does planning have a role to play? Honours Thesis, University of Queensland. ©2019 International Society of Arboriculture
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