ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU URBAN FORESTRY Volume 34, Issue 2, March 2008 & CONTENTS spp.; Ulmus americana. Richard J. Hauer and Gary R. Johnson Approaches Within the 50 United States to Meeting Federal Requirements for Urban and Community Forestry Assistance Programs ..................................................................................74 Abstract. Urban and Community Forestry (U&CF) program capacity within the 50 United States was derived through four indicator areas that included the state U&CF program coordinator, volunteer coordination, state U&CF council, and strategic plan. The agency and admin- istrative unit where the program resides, year of program initiation, staffing levels and expertise area, additional non-U&CF responsibil- ities of staff, and coordination of U&CF within a state were further studied. Each state had an U&CF program coordinator (most were full- time), practiced varying volunteer coordination approaches, had a state U&CF council, and had a regularly updated strategic plan. Most states had additional regional U&CF staff with the majority of their time devoted to U&CF activities with a mean 4.2 (median, 3.2) full-time equivalents of total U&CF staff in a state. Occasionally, non-U&CF duties were conducted by U&CF staff with fire control, forest steward- ship, special projects, and forest health most commonly given as other areas conducted by U&CF staff. Most state U&CF programs used a variety of approaches to support volunteer-based U&CF efforts in a state. All states now have a U&CF coordinator with 95% of their duties associated with U&CF activities. State U&CF councils vary in their membership and approaches for coordination of U&CF within a state. Key Words. State Urban and Community Forestry Programs; Urban and Community Forestry; Urban Forestry; Urban Forestry Program Capacity. Justin Morgenroth A Review of Root Barrier Research .......................................................................................................................84 Abstract. A review of root barrier research from the past 40 years is presented. Research has resulted from the need to minimize conflicts between the expanding roots of trees and urban infrastructure such as roads, curbs, sidewalks, foundations, and under- ground utilities. The history of root barriers, naming conventions, and different classes are described. The results of experiments and surveys are examined, the successes and failures of different barriers are noted, and directions for future research are suggested. Key Words. Curbs; Infrastructure Conflicts; Roads; Root Barriers; Roots; Sidewalks; Street Trees; Urban Trees. Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Russell Eirich Establishing Action Thresholds for Control of Cankerworms in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada ....................66 Abstract. An action threshold (AT) is oſten established to determine if and when control treatments are required for pest populations. In municipal settings, control treatments for insects defoliating the urban forest are typically determined in response to customer requests, maintenance demands of highly visible municipal public spaces, economic requirements, and actual insect damage. In 2006, the City of Regina Integrated Pest Management section created a new method of establishing an AT for cankerworm control by determining if monitoring counts for female cankerworms (Pale- acrita vernata Peck and Alsophila pometria L.) were greater than 95% of an identified "normal" population range when based on historical records. Key Words. Acer; Action Threshold; Alsophila pometria; Defoliation; Empiric Rule; Fraxinus spp.; Geometridae; Lepidoptera; Paleacrita vernata; Populus ©2008 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
March 2008
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