6 species and habitats as well as inventories of local regulations and policies. • Contribute to resources for the general public on wildlife and tree care. We cannot emphasize strongly enough the impera- tive to work collaboratively across disciplinary bound- aries to succeed in this work. The issue of mitigating impacts to wildlife during urban tree care is mired in a complicated ecological, ethical, and legal land- scape. The Tree Care for Birds and Other Wildlife program of the Western Chapter ISA is one example of the benefits of bringing together wildlife biolo- gists, arborists, urban foresters, and community advo- cates to address a complex urban ecological problem. LITERATURE CITED Alvey AA. 2006. Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 5(4):195- 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.09.003 Arboricultural Association. 2015a November 24. So what actions can contractors take to ensure compliance to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981? Stonehouse (Gloucestershire, UK): The Arboricultural Association. [Updated 2016 February 4; Accessed 2021 April 15]. https://www.trees.org.uk/Help -Advice/Public/So-what-actions-can-contractors-take-to -ensure-com Arboricultural Association. 2015b November 24. When is the bird nest season? Stonehouse (Gloucestershire, UK): The Arboricultural Association. [Updated 2018 November 8; Accessed 2021 April 15]. https://www.trees.org.uk/Help -Advice/Public/When-is-the-bird-nest-season Banks A. 2014 May 7. Baby herons mangled in woodchipper in Oakland, critics say. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles (CA, USA): Los Angeles Times. [Accessed 2021 April 12]. https:// www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-infant-herons-tree -oakland-20140507-story.html City of Portland Environmental Services. 2017. Protecting nesting birds: Best management practices for vegetation and construc- tion projects. Version 3.0. Portland (OR, USA): City of Portland. 53 p. [Accessed 2021 April 12]. https://www.portlandoregon .gov/bes/index.cfm?a=322164 City of Poway Urban Forestry Ordinance. Ord. 521 § 1(B) (2000). Golden Gate Audubon Society. 2017. Healthy trees, healthy birds. Berkeley (CA, USA): Golden Gate Audubon Society. [Accessed 2021 April 12]. https://goldengateaudubon.org/ wp-content/uploads/Healthy_Trees_brochure.pdf Griffiths SR, Lentini PE, Semmens K, Watson SJ, Lumsden LF, Robert KA. 2018. Chainsaw-carved cavities better mimic the thermal properties of natural tree hollows than nest boxes and log hollows. Forests. 9(5):235. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9050235 Job JR, Kohler SL, Gill SA. 2016. Song adjustments by an open habitat bird to anthropogenic noise, urban structure, and veg- etation. Behavioral Ecology. 27(6):1734-1744. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/beheco/arw105 Bassett et al: Lessons Learned from Developing Wildlife BMPs Kane B, Warren PS, Lerman SB. 2015. A broad scale analysis of tree risk, mitigation and potential habitat for cavity-nesting birds. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 14(4):1137-1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ufug.2015.10.012 Koeser A, Hauer R, Norris K, Krouse R. 2013. Factors influenc- ing long-term street tree survival in Milwaukee, WI, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 12(4):562-568. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2013.05.006 Koeser AK, Hauer RJ, Miesbauer JW, Peterson W. 2016. Munici- pal tree risk assessment in the United States: Findings from a comprehensive survey of urban forest management. Arbori- cultural Journal. 38(4):218-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 03071375.2016.1221178 Krajter Ostoić S, Konijnendijk van den Bosch CC. 2015. Explor- ing global scientific discourses on urban forestry. Urban For- estry & Urban Greening. 14(1):129-138. https://doi.org/10 .1016/j.ufug.2015.01.001 Lethlean H, Van Dongen WFD, Kostoglou K, Guay PJ, Weston MA. 2017. Joggers cause greater avian disturbance than walkers. Landscape and Urban Planning. 159:42-47. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.08.020 Lindenmayer DB, Laurance WF, Franklin JF. 2012. Global decline in large old trees. Science. 338(6112):1305-1306. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231070 Lyytimäki J, Sipilä M. 2009. Hopping on one leg—The challenge of ecosystem disservices for urban green management. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 8(4):309-315. https://doi.org/10 .1016/j.ufug.2009.09.003 Magle SB, Hunt VM, Vernon M, Crooks KR. 2012. Urban wild- life research: Past, present, and future. Biological Conserva- tion. 155:23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.018 Marlès Magre J, Boada Juncà M, Campanera JM, Bach Pagès A, Ruiz Mallén I, Maneja Zaragoza R, Sánchez Mateo S, Pallarès Barberà M, Barriocanal Lozano C. 2019. How urban green management is influencing passerine birds’ nesting in the Mediterranean: A case study in a Catalan city. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 41:221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug .2019.03.012 McPherson EG, Kendall A, Albers S. 2015. Life cycle assess- ment of carbon dioxide for different arboricultural practices in Los Angeles, CA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 14(2):388-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.04.004 Nevada Department of Wildlife. 2020. Nevada Department of Wildlife 2019–2020. Licensed Wildlife Rehabilitators. Reno (NV, USA): Nevada Department of Wildlife. [Accessed 2021 April 12]. http://www.ndow.org/uploadedFiles/ndoworg/ Content/Forms_and_Resources/2019%20-%202020%20 Rehab(1).pdf Newbold T, Hudson LN, Hill SLL, Contu S, Lysenko I, Senior RA, Börger L, Bennett DJ, Choimes A, Collen B, Day J, De Palma A, Díaz S, Echeverria-Londoño S, Edgar MJ, Feld- man A, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Alhusseini T, Ingram DJ, Itescu Y, Kattge J, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Kleyer M, Pinto Correia DL, Martin CD, Meiri S, Novosolov M, Pan Y, Phil- lips HRP, Purves DW, Robinson A, Simpson J, Tuck SL, Weiher E, White HJ, Ewers RM, Mace GM, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A. 2015. Global effects of land use on local ter- restrial biodiversity. Nature. 520:45-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature14324 ©2022 International Society of Arboriculture
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