14 Conway et al: Replacing Trees Removed Under a Private Tree Regulation Table 2. Basic demographics of homeowners by percent of survey responses. Household income (CAD) $0 – $24,999 2 Level of education No certificate, diploma, or degree 2 Age of respondent 30 – 40 years 11 $25,000 – $49,999 4 High school certificate or equivalent 7 41 – 50 years 20 Tree Removal Permits and Replacement Trees “Non-Construction” tree removal permits were the most common type of permit obtained by respon- dents (68%), whereas only 20% of respondents reported obtaining a “Construction” permit (Table 3). Most of the homeowners who checked “Other” for permit type wrote that they did not know what type of permit they received, often noting that the application was handled by a construction contractor or tree pro- fessional. Five other respondents indicated that their application was declined or they submitted a tree pro- tection plan rather than a tree removal permit. This later group again suggests that the City of Toronto records have some inaccuracies that include mixing permit types. There are no statistically significant dif- ferences in permit type across the 4 districts. Of those who completed the survey and received a permit, 70% said they had planted the required replacement tree(s), while 30% had not (Table 4). Eighty- five percent said that the requirement to replace trees removed was clearly communicated through the per- mit process, including a number who had not planted replacement trees. There was no statistically signifi- cant difference in replacement tree planting compli- ance between respondents with (68%) and without (72%) the anonymity protection statement at the top of the survey. We also did not find any significant dif- ference based on household income, education level, or age of survey respondents. Overall, attitudes towards private tree regulation were mostly positive, which is not surprising given that everyone in the survey complied with the private tree by-law requirement to obtain a permit to remove ©2022 International Society of Arboriculture $50,000 – $74,999 11 Apprenticeship, college, or other non-university certificate or diploma 14 51 – 60 years 23 $75,000 – $119,999 14 University bachelor’s degree 36 61 – 70 years 21 $120,000 or more 53 Master’s or doctorate degree 35 71 – 100 years 18 Table 3. Percent of different types of tree removal permits obtained by survey participants. Percentages based on the number of trees per district. District East North South West Total Construction 8 (15%) 20 (18%) 36 (24%) 22 (20%) 86 (20%) Non-construction 36 (68%) 77 (69%) 98 (66%) 75 (69%) 286 (68%) Other 9 (17%) 15 (13%) 14 (9%) 12 (11%) 50 (12%) regulated trees (Figure 2). There was not a significant difference between attitudes towards regulating tree removal or replacement tree planting and actually planting the required replacement trees, although more people who replanted indicated strongly agree- ing with regulating replacement planting as com- pared to those who did not replant. The type of tree removal permit did have a signifi- cant relationship with replacing trees, with 76% of non-construction permit holders planting the required tree(s), while only 54% of construction permit hold- ers planted (Χ 2 = 11.408, P < 0.001). Additionally, the replacement compliance level is also significantly different among survey responses across the 4 dis- tricts, with 84% of the respondents from the North District replanting following their tree removal, but only 61% in the West District (Table 4). Replacement Trees’ Source, Health, and Composition Contractors, which includes landscapers, arborists, and other members of the private sector, planted more of the required replacement trees than any other party
January 2022
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