Table of Contents Sulaiman Al-Habsi and Glynn C. Percival Sucrose-Induced Tolerance to and Recovery from Deicing Salt Damage in Containerized Ilex aquifolium L. and Quercus robur L. ................................................. 277 Abstract. Two outdoor experiments were conducted using containerized trees of the species holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of sucrose to improve tolerance to and recovery from deicing salt (sodium chloride [NaCl]) damage. In experiment one, sucrose plus a water-only control was applied as a root drench to containerized stock. Seventy-two hours later, NaCl was applied to both tree species as a root drench. At day 15 aſter NaCl application, effects on leaf chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid (lutein, β-car tene, neoxanthin, α-carotene), xanthophyll (zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin) concentration, leaf necrosis, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were measured. In experiment 2, NaCl was applied as a root drench. At day 14 aſter NaCl application, plants were root drenched with sucrose plus a water-only control and recovery rates monitored by recording leaf necrosis, leaf chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluore cence over the proceeding 8 weeks. At week 8 aſter sucrose application, effects on tree growth were recorded. Sucrose was found to confer to both tree species a useful degree to tolerance to NaCl and improve recovery from salt-induced damage with promotion of photoxidative antioxi- dant pigments (carotenoids, xanthophylls) and chlorophylls strongly indicated as significantly contributing to the induction of NaCl tolerance. Key Words. Carbohydrates; Carbon Compensation; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll Fluorescence; Holly; Oak; Photosynthetic Chlorophylls; Photo- system II; Urban Trees. Peter B. Schultz and David B. Sivyer An Integrated Pest Management Success Story: Orangestriped Oakworm Control in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. ................................................................................... 286 Abstract. Pesticide applications directed against the orangestriped oakworm declined by over 80% the first year aſter imple- mentation of an ae thetic injury threshold into an Integrated Pest Management program. Aſter a moderate resurgence 2 years later, pesticide use further declinedwith no pesticides applied against this pest in the past 7 years. Cost and pesti- cide use decreased from $6,795 and 55,000 L (14,300 gal) in 1986 to $877 and 7,800 L (2,028 gal) in 1988 and no cost since 1999. Key Words. Aesthetic Injury Level; Anisota senatoria; Integrated Pest Management. Bruce R. Roberts Compost-Containing Substrates and Their Effect on Posttransplant Growth of Containerized Tree Seedlings ....................................................................................... 289 Abstract. Greenhouse studies were undertaken to determine the influence of composted media on the posttransplant growth of containerized red maple, sugar maple, and green ash seedlings. Before planting, the chemical and physical properties of each substrate were measured. For media containing composted biosolids, pH was significantly higher, whereas electrical conductivity, air-filled porosity, and total pore space were significantly lower than in a composted medium without biosolids. For composted substrates containing at least some soil, bulk density, par- ticle density, and container capacity were all significantly greater than for composts without any soil. Growth of red maple was about the same in a noncomposted soilless medium (Metro-mix 360) as it was in substrates containing biosolid compost. Height growth, total biomass, and root bimass of green ash were all significantly greater for seedlings grown in Metro-mix 360 only, and the growth of sugar maple seedlings was about the same in Metro-mix 360 or in a composted substrate without biosolids (Metro-mix 560). The results of this study suggest no particular short-term growth advantage of using composted media as backfill amendments when transplanting; however, the addition of composts could be beneficial in improving the chemical and physical properties of native soils, particularly urban soils containing very low levels of organic matter. Key Words. Acer rubrum L.; Acer saccharum Marsh.; Biosolids; Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh; Soil Amendments; Soil Properties; Tree Estab- lishment. ©2006 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
November 2006
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