Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 42(4): July 2016 of internal stem decay, especially for signifi- cantly decayed laurel oak—a species noted for its limited ability to compartmentalize decay. Visual cues were less reliable for live oak, though the species had much lower incidences of decay. Acknowledgments. This study was supported by a University of Florida Center for Landscape Conservation and Ecology (CLCE) Faculty Enhancement Program Grant. CLCE is a multidisciplinary, statewide center through the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) charged with protecting and conserving Florida’s natural resources through research-based sustainable urban land- scape practices. LITERATURE CITED ANSI. 2011. A300 (Part 9)-2011 Tree Risk Assessment; a. Tree Structure Assessment. Tree Care Industry Association, Inc., Londonderry, New Hampshire, U.S. Arciniegas, A., F. Prieto, L. Brancheriau, and P. Lasaygues. 2014. Lit- erature review of acoustic and ultrasonic tomography in stand- ing trees. Trees 28:1559–1567. Bowman, A.W., and A. Azzalini. 2014. R package ‘sm’: Nonpara- metric smoothing methods (version 2.2-5.4). Accessed 02 April 2015. and Ciſtci, C., B. Kane, S.F. Brena, and S.R. Arwade. 2014. Loss of mo- ment capacity of tree stems induced by decay. Trees 28:517–529. Costello, L.R., and S.L. Quarles. 1999. Detection of wood decay in blue gum and elm: An evaluation of the RESISTOGRAPH® and the portable drill. Journal of Arboriculture 25:311–318. Crawley, M.J., 2013. The R Book, second edition. Wiley, West Sus- sex, United Kingdom. Dunster, J., E.T. Smiley, N. Matheny, and S. Lilly. 2013. Tree Risk Assessment—Manual. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, U.S. 198 pp. Ellison, E.J., 2005. Quantified tree risk assessment used in the man- agement of amenity trees. Journal of Arboriculture 31:57–65. Fox, J., and S. Weisberg. 2011. An R Companion to Applied Regres- sion, second edition. SAGE, Thousand Oaks, California, U.S. Gilbert, E.A., and E.T. Smiley. 2004. PiCUS sonic tomography for the quantification of decay in white oak (Quercus alba) and hickory (Carya spp.). Journal of Arboriculture 30:277–281. Hickman, G.W., E. Perry, and R. Evans. 1995. Validation of a tree failure evaluation system. Journal of Arboriculture 21:233–234. Johnstone, D., G. Moore, M. Tausz, and M. Nicolas. 2010a. The measurement of wood decay in landscape trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:121–127. Johnstone, D., M. Tausz, G. Moore, and M. Nicolas. 2010b. Quanti- fying wood decay in Sydney bluegum (Eucaluptus saligna) trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:243–252. Johnstone, D.M., P.K. Ades, G.M. Moore, and I.W. Smith. 2007. Predicting wood decay in eucalypts using an expert system and the IML-Resistograph drill. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:76–82. Kampf, E., M.L. Duryea, E.F. Gilman, and A. Delgado. 2014. Assess- ing hurricane-damaged trees and deciding what to do. FOR711. Gainesville: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricul- tural Sciences. 17 pp. ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture 225 Kennard, D., F. Putz, and M. Neiederhofer. 1996. The predictability of tree decay based on visual assessments. Journal of Arboricul- ture 22:249–254. Langlois, T., B.R. Fitzpatrick, D.V. Fairclough, C.B. Wakefield, S.A. Hesp, D.L. McLean, E.S. Harvey, and J.J. Meeuwig. 2012. Simi- larities between line fishing and baited stereo-video estimations of length-frequency: Novel application of kernel density esti- mates. PLoS ONE 7:e45973. Luley, C., D. Nowak, and E. Greenfield. 2009. Frequency and sever- ity of trunk decay in street tree maples in four New York cities. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35:94–99. Matheny, N., and J. Clark. 1994. A Photographic Guide to the Eval- uation of Hazard Trees in Urban Areas, second edition. Interna- tional Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, U.S. Mattheck, C., K. Bethge, and W. Albrecht. 1997. How to read the results of RESISTOGRAPH® M. Arboricultural Journal 21:331–346. Norris, M. 2007. Tree risk assessments—What works—What does not—Can we tell? A review of a range of existing tree risk assess- ment methods. ISAAC Conference. Perth 2007. 29 pp. Pokorny, J. 2003. Urban Tree Risk Management: A Community Guide to Program Design and Implementation. USDA-FS NA- TP03-03. Rinn, F., F.H. Schweingruber, and E. Schär. 1996. RESISTOGRAPH® and X-ray density charts of wood comparative evaluation of drill resistance profiles and X-ray density charts of different wood species. Holzforschung 50:303–311. Rooney, C., H. Ryan, D. Bloniarz, and B. Kane. 2005. The reliability of a windshield survey to locate hazards in roadside trees. Jour- nal of Arboriculture 31:89–94. Sheather, S. 2010. A Modern Approach to Regression with R. Springer, New York, U.S. pp. 263–293. Smiley, E.T., N. Matheny, and S. Lilly. 2011. Best Management Prac- tices: Tree Risk Assessment. International Society of Arboricul- ture, Champaign, Illinois, U.S. 81 pp. Tate, R.L. 1984. Stem decay in Central Park. Journal of Arboricul- ture. 10:307–308. Tate, R.L. 1986. Stem decay in street trees in New Jersey and park trees in Central Park, New York. Journal of Arboriculture 12:73–74. Terho, M., and A. Hallaksela. 2005. Potential hazard characteristics of Tilia, Betula, and Acer trees removed in the Helsinki city area dur- ing 2001–2003. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 3: 113–120. Terho, M., and A.M. Hallaksela. 2008. Decay characteristics of haz- ardous Tilia, Betula, and Acer trees felled by municipal urban tree managers in the Helsinki City Area. Forestry 81:151–159. Wang, X., and R.B. Allison. 2008. Decay detection in red oak trees using a combination of visual inspection, acoustic testing, and resistance microdrilling. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34:1–4. Wilcox, W. 1978. Review of literature on the effects of early stages of decay on wood strength. Wood Fiber 9:252–257.
July 2016
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
