Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 43(2): March 2017 ness in data collection, and overall simplicity to appraisers. The formulas are described as follows: The Municipalities of Concepción, La Pintana, and Maipú of Chile (refereed to hereaſter as the COPIMA Method; Ponce-Donoso et al. 2009) use the following formula: [1] Value (€EUR) = (A * B * C * D) / 10 where A = price of species at the local mar- ket, B = aesthetic and condition value of the tree, C = situation index, and D = dimension index. Municipality of Peñalolén of Chile Method (Ponce-Donoso et al. 2009) is as follows: [2] Value (€EUR) = 0.2 * e + A * B * VA where A = location factor, B = tree condition as a per- centage of the damage present, e = age of the species, and VA = tree value according to species and age. Amenity Valuation of Tree and Woodlands, referred to as the Helliwell Method (Helliwell 2008), estimates the visual amenities based on a point range from 1.0 to 4.0, which accounts for seven factors: [3] Value (€EUR) = tree size * useful life expectancy * space importance * presence of other trees * relation to other factors * shape * monetary factor The Standard Tree Evaluation Method, known as STEM in New Zealand (Flook 1996), uses a point system based on 20 attributes (3 to 27 points each), characterizing a tree’s condition, amenities, and spe- cial features of notability: [4] Value (€EUR) = [total points (540 possible) * wholesale cost + plantation cost + maintenance cost] * retail conversion factor (suggested 2) The French Method (Ferraris 1984) corresponds to a method that provides an index related to the maintenance and care of the tree. It is based on Swiss Method but includes an additional factor to set a monetary value in parks and private gardens: [5] Value (€EUR) = E * B * U * D where E = species and variety index, based on the ref- erence price in the nursery, B = health and aesthetic index, U = location index, and D = dimension index. 75 [6] The Italian Method (Fabbri 1989) is as follows: Value (€EUR) = P * I * S * C where P = price of the same species in local nurseries; I = reflects the health and appearance of the tree; S = location index, rural or urban; and C = size index. The Tedesco Method, from Italy (Bernatzky 1978), is as follows: [7] Value (€EUR) = Vb * ID * IP * IC * IIA * IE * IR where Vb = basic value 1/10 of market price for tree 10 cm2 of basal area; ID = dimension index in func- tion of DAP or circumference; IP = position index; IC = condition index, including spacing between trees, tree development, condition, and damage; IIA = environmental compatibility index, which consid- ers variables, such as insertion into the landscape, compatibility with the soil type, and execution of the planting; IE = age index, which is related to the age of the tree that exceeds the average age of the spe- cies; and IR = reduction index due to stem damage. The Granada Norm of the Spanish Association of Public Parks and Gardens (Norma Granada; AEPJP 2007) is a formula for a non-replaceable tree, and corresponds to: [8] Value (€EUR) = (Vb * Els) * (1 + Ele) where Vb = basic value of the tree, which is deter- mined by the function ῳ * µ * (0.0059 * p2 + 0.0601 * p – 0.324). ῳ = updated coefficient corresponding to the species, fixed for each climate zone according to Köppen; µ = soil corrector coefficient; p = perimeter of the trunk 1 m above the ground. Els = intrinsic factors of the tree (roots, trunk, main structural branches, sub-branches and terminal, leaves), and Ele = tree extrinsic factors (aesthetic and func- tional, representativeness and rarity, situation). The Trunk Replacement Formula from the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisal, the CTLA Method of the United States (CTLA 2000), considers the area of the cross section of the trunk, 1.4 m over the ground level, multiplied by a value based on the cost of the regional species avail- able in local nurseries. The value is then multi- plied by corrector indices (species, condition, and location) to reduce or maintain this value: ©2017 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2017
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