78 Ponce-Donoso et al.: Appraisal Using Twelve Valuation Formulas and Two Appraiser Groups evident, as the formulas are ranked accord- ing to the monetary value obtained. The Dan- ish, French, and CTLA Methods are located in the lower area, while the Helliwell, Burn- ley and STEM Methods in the upper area. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test (Table 4) show results where each formula was ana- lyzed separately, thus allowing for an evalu- ation of the formula by different appraisers. The Danish, Tedesco, Burney, and Helli- well Methods did show statistically signifi- cant differences between appraisers (P < 0.05). In general, results also show very different val- ues for each tree using the same formula and dif- ferent appraisers. For example, Table 2 shows that the extreme average values that correspond to two trees in the Municipality of Talca. Tree #13, a Ginkgo biloba, scored the maximum value using the Helliwell Method (USD $40,347), locat- ing it at the top of the ranking and corresponding to a locally emblematic specimen of more than 100-years-old, while the minimum was awarded to Tree #19, a Betula pendula, which was charac- terized as an old tree with reduced–intermediate vigor (USD $27) using the CTLA formula, and is located at the bottom of the value estimates. How- ever, most importantly, researchers found disparate appraisal values according to individual apprais- ers and by their experience groups (Figure 1). The average value for each tree fluctuated between USD $13,823 and USD $636, with the maximum value obtained by Tree #13 and with a minimum rating for Tree #30, a Catalpa bignonioides located in Concepción. These same trends in valuation estimates have been reported by Watson (2002), Contato-Carol et al. (2008), Ponce-Donoso et al. (2009; 2012; 2013), and Grande-Ortiz et al. (2012). Table 4. Kruskal-Wallis test results for 12 different urban tree appraisal formulas in central Chile. Formula Danish method French method CTLA Swiss method Peñalolén method Italian method COPIMA Tedesco method Norma Granada Burnley method Helliwell method STEM Statistical 30.44 1.52 3.03 7.06 0.10 2.38 1.14 18.00 1.29 15.24 19.50 6.93 ©2017 International Society of Arboriculture Probability 0.000 0.982 0.883 0.423 1.000 0.936 0.992 0.012 0.989 0.033 0.007 0.437 In general, researchers found that the first quartile the highest average values were pre- sented by the Helliwell, Burnley, and STEM formulas; with a value of USD $7,342 for the Helliwell Method. Second were Norma Granada (of USD $1,760), Tedesco, and COPIMA. In the third quartile the formulas were the Tedesco, Figure 1. Median, standard error, and ranking for formulas, appraiser group, and between appraisers.
March 2017
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
