Table of Contents Sarah K. Mincey and Jessica M. Vogt Watering Strategy, Collective Action, and Neighborhood-Planted Trees: A Case Study of Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. ................................................................................... 84 Abstract. A growing number of municipalities and nonprofits work with private citizens to co-produce the public benefits associated with urban forests by providing sizeable young trees to neighborhoods that agree to plant and water the trees for the critical first few years aſter planting. Little research has addressed the effectiveness of such programs or the extent to which variation in neighborhood maintenance and watering strategies may be related to biophysical and social outcomes. Without such knowledge, tree-planting investments are at risk of being a sink of public or charitable funds. This paper presents a case study of Keep Indianapolis Beautiful, Inc.’s neighborhood tree plantings in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S., where researchers explored the relationship of neighborhood watering strategies with planted-tree outcomes, and with subsequent collective activities. The study authors observed neighborhood variation in whether trees were watered by individuals or collectively (groups of individuals), whether signed watering commitments were utilized, whether monitoring of watering occurred, and whether monitoring and subsequent sanctioning (when necessary) changed watering behavior. Results demonstrate that collective watering, signed watering agreements, and monitoring/sanctioning that changed behavior were posi- tively associated with tree survival. Collective watering was also positively associated with subsequent collective activities, such as a neighborhood clean-up or block party. Such findings can improve the guidance offered by municipalities and nonprofits to neighborhoods for the management of successful tree-planting projects, and can ultimately improve the survival, growth, and thereby benefits provided by neighborhood-planted trees. Key Words. Collective Action; Indiana; Indianapolis; Institutions; Planting; Tree-planting Programs; Urban Forest Management; Watering. Anders B. Nielsen, Johan Östberg, and Tim Delshammar Review of Urban Tree Inventory Methods Used to Collect Data at Single-Tree Level ..................... 96 Abstract. With a growing number of urban tree inventory methods and diversifying use of tree inventory data by city authorities and research- ers, there is a need to evaluate, review, and critically assess the inventory methods available. This study reviewed studies using urban tree inven- tories at single-tree level as their data source. Based on this, a bibliographic overview was established and a typology of contemporary urban tree inventory methods was created and used as a framework for evaluation and discussion of the measurement type and accuracy achievable with different methods. The authors found that data from urban tree inventories are currently being employed in research with an increasing number of focuses across a geographical scope that spans all continents except Africa. Four main types of urban tree inventories were distin- guished: satellite-supported methods, airplane-supported methods, on-the-ground scanning or digital photography, and field surveys. Com- piling results across studies and evaluating the parameters collected by these inventory methods and their accuracy of measurement revealed that the technology itself and current data processing methods limit the reliability of the data obtained from all methods except field sur- veys. The study authors recommend further technological development and scientific testing before these methods can replace field surveys. Key Words. Airborne; Field Survey; Ground Scanning; Inventory; Satellite; Street Tree; Tree Assessment; Urban Forestry. F.D. Cowett Methodology for Spatial Analysis of Municipal Street Tree Benefits. ...........................................112 Abstract. Street trees comprise a fraction of the urban forest; however, due to their public function, the benefits they provide to urban residents have received particular attention from researchers. Spatial analyses of street tree benefits have been based on street tree counts that do not account for differences in tree species and size that in turn impact leaf surface area from which most benefits are derived. The United States Forest Service’s i-Tree Streets soſtware program quantifies street tree benefits and does account for differences in tree species and size, but is not a Geographic Information Systems program and does not facilitate the spatial analysis of street tree benefits. This paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the spatial distribution of street tree benefits employing measures based on i-Tree Streets. Providence, Rhode Island, U.S., serves as a case study. Key Words. Benefits; GIS; i-Tree; Services; Spatial Analysis; Street Trees. ©2014 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
March 2014
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