Journal of Arboriculture 31(6): November 2005 309 ——— (Ed.). 1984. Energy-Conserving Site Design. American Society of Landscape Architects, Washington, DC. 326 pp. McPherson, E.G., R.A Rowntree, and R. Brown. 1985. Simulating tree shadow patterns for building energy analysis, pp. 378–382. In Wilson, A.T., and W. Glennie (Eds.). Solar 85 Conference Proceedings. 16–20 Oct. 1985, Raleigh, NC. American Solar Energy Society, Boulder, CO. Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC).1986. Pavement Condition Index Distress Identification Manual for Asphalt and Surface Treatment Pavements, Second Edition. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, CA. 35 pp. Peper, P.J., E.G. McPherson, and S.M. Mori, 2001. Equations for predicting diameter, height, crown width, and leaf area of San Joaquin Valley street trees. J. Arboric. 27:306–317. Pomerantz, M., H. Akbari and J.T. Harvey. 2000a. Durability and Visibility of Cooler Reflective Pavements. University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBNL-43443. 61 pp. Pomerantz, M., B. Pon, H. Akbari, and S.C. Chang. 2000b. The Effect of Pavements’ Temperatures on Air Temperatures in Large Cities. Heat Island Group. LBNL- 43442. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 20 pp. Pomerantz, M., H. Akbari, C. Chen, H. Taha, and A.H. Rosenfeld, 1997. Paving materials for heat island mitigation. LBL-38074. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington DC, and Earnest Orlando Lawrence National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 19 pp. Scholtz, T.V., and S.F. Brown. 1996. Factors affecting the durability of bituminous paving mixtures, pp. 173–190. In Cabrera, J.G., and J. R. Dixon (Eds.). Performance and Durability of Bituminous Materials. E & FN Spon, London, UK. Scott, K.I., J.R. Simpson, and E.G. McPherson. 1999. Effects of tree cover on parking lot microclimate and vehicle emissions. J. Arboric. 23:129–142. Smith, R.E. 1994. Pavement/Road Surface Management Overview. Stone Review, National Stone Association, Washington, DC. Smith, R.E. 2001. Condition Assessment and PCI Calculation for the MTC PMS. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. 50 pp. Srivastava, A., and R. van Rooijen. 2000. Bitumen performance in hot and arid climates. Prepared for the Innovative Road Rehabilitation and Recycling Technologies Pavement Seminar. http://docs. vircomnet.com/mobility/urban_mobility_vc/ paper_for_jordan.htm [accessed 2/2/02]. Wallace, H.A., and J.R. Martin. 1967. Asphalt Pavement Engineering. McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, CA. 351 pp. Weatherbase. 2001. Weatherbase Home Page. www.weatherbase.com [accessed 11/6/01]. Acknowledgments. We thank Norm Buus (assistant civil engineer, City of Modesto) for providing technical assistance and information on pavement maintenance histories. Kleinfelder Inc. generously allowed us to use their laboratory for core testing. Dr. James Simpson (U.S. Forest Service) assisted with calculating TSIs. Drs. John Harvey, John Bollander, and Larry Costello at the University of California, Davis, provided valuable input throughout the study. This article was written and prepared by U.S. government employees on official time and it is, therefore, in the public domain and not subject to copyright. 1,2 USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station Center for Urban Forest Research c/o Department of Plant Science, MS-6 One Shields Avenue University of California Davis CA, 95616, U.S. Corresponding author: E. Gregory McPherson. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
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