ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS the of the journal for the ing the needs of the practicing tree URBAN FORESTRY Volume 41, Issue 1, January 2015 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) ® www.isa-arbor.com Journal Announcement ..................................................................................................................1 Aſter seven years of service as Editor in Chief (EIC) of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry and chair of the journal’s editorial board, Dr. Gary Watson bids farewell to pursue other challenges and opportunities in his role as Director of Research at The Mor- ton Arboretum (Lisle, Illinois, U.S.). The journal editorial board, ISA staff, and ISA membership thank Dr. Watson for his tireless efforts in developing and refining the manuscript submission and review process. In addition, under his leadership, the editorial board tran- sitioned into a larger, more international group of experts and developed a greater focus resulting in the stronger journal that we enjoy today. We all hope to continue this stewardship by developing further strategies for increasing citation rates and thus prominence ® research community. This is a goal we will need to reach while care professional. The journal will continue in its mission to foster also meet- a greater appre- ciation for trees and to promote the research, technology, and practice of professional arboriculture and urban forestry. As of this issue of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry the transition to a new Editor in Chief is well underway. Dr. Jason Grabosky, a professor at Rutgers University’s School of Environmental and Biological Sciences (New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.) has agreed to serve in the role of EIC. The editorial transition began in November 2014, and Grabosky will be formally appointed in January 2015. The editorial transition was developed by journal staff, whom in working with the Arbo- ricultural Research & Education Academy and the Research Committee, produced a slate of appropriate candidates. We appreciate the patience of those who are affiliated with the journal as well as with those of whom are sub- mitting manuscripts in this time of transition. Dr. Watson’s knowledge and hard work has positioned the jour- nal very favorably, and it is with this stability that we look forward to a seamless transfer of responsibilities. Edward F. Gilman, Jason W. Miesbauer, and F.J. Masters Structural Pruning Effects on Stem and Trunk Strain in Wind ........................................................3 Abstract. Pruning removes mass and reduces bending in the wind on the pruned stem. However, little is known about the impacts of structural pruning, which leaves some parts of the tree not pruned. This study was designed to measure change in stem and trunk strain (ε) in turbulent wind from reducing the length of one side of a codominant stem pair. Trees were placed in front of a storm simulator with airfoils directing 22 m/s wind at four frequencies f(a) = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 Hz. Trees were subjected to 30 cycles at each f(a) at each of four pruning doses—0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% foliage (and associated branch mass) removed from the smaller codominant stem. This resulted in 16 trials on each of five trees. The non- pruned stem of a codominant pair experienced no ε change in wind following reduction or removal of the competing codominant stem. Strain (ε) on the pruned codominant stem and on the trunk below the union where stems join decreased linearly with pruning dose and increased with f(a). Key Words. Aspect Ratio; Biomechanics; Codominant Stems; Pruning; Reduction Cut; Removal Cut; Subordinate. Edward F. Gilman Pruning Acer rubrum at Planting Impacts Structure and Growth After Three Growing Seasons ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Abstract. Branches present in the tree crown at planting can become obstructions in urban landscapes, requiring large pruning cuts later and possibly creating weak structure by growing upright to comprise a large section of the crown. Pruning at planting, currently a discouraged practice, could shorten or remove selected branches and thus improve the structure of a newly planted tree. Acer rubrum L. trees planted into soil from 170 L containers were pruned at planting to subordinate the largest primary branches, or not. Pruning induced a 26% reduction in total cross-sectional area in the five largest primary branches. This sizable reduction in growth on pruned branches resulted in a signifi- cant reduction in aspect ratio of the largest (11%) and three largest (10%) branches. The negligible pruning wound from raising the crown on pruned trees would result in little trunk dysfunction when branches are later removed for clearance, and the debris would be minimal. Tree height growth after three growing seasons was unaffected by pruning; the 8% slower trunk diameter growth might be difficult to rec- ognize in a landscape. Bending stress required to tilt trunks three growing seasons after planting was equivalent with or without pruning. Key Words. Acer rubrum; Aspect Ratio; Formative Pruning; Inclusions; Structural Pruning; Subordination; Union Strength. ©2015 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
January 2015
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