50 basic tree structures in mind. A-form trees are identified as comprising the majority of trees that are typically being pruned. Specific management of bad branches and attachments, codominant stems, competing laterals, and poor branch spac- ing (including vertical and horizontal spacing) follow. The guide defines bad branches to be dead, diseased, or structurally defective, including stubs and bad attachments, as being those with an acutely angled V-crotch attachment. This section— the largest of the book—closes with the identi- fication and management of crossing branches. Section D (Other Important Pruning Tips) iden- tifies and discusses many important topics ancillary to pruning, including the seasonal timing of the cut, pruning intervals, and a discussion regarding the use of wound dressings. This section also captures the “don’ts of tree pruning,” and provides many high-quality photos that depict overpruning, improper pruning cuts, and other pruning faux pas. Of true interest in this portion of the book is the authors’ emphasis on using the timing of pruning as a variable that may be employed by the pruner to obtain specific objective’s, like encouraging flower- ing, fostering wound closure, or enhancing fruit size. Winter, of course, is stressed as being the ideal sea- son in which to prune, as branching structure may be especially apparent during this leaf-off season. The final section of the book (Extras) offers many excellent “before and aſter” pictures that depict what typical pruning scenarios of com- monly planted urban trees will avail, if carried out correctly. These photos not only benefit prac- titioners but will no doubt help beginners to quickly see what a proper pruning job may look like. Discussion is also given to the height (or clearance) of the lowest branch—an important topic in today’s busy, well-travelled urban envi- ronment in which most of the populace lives. In summary, this guide represents a key step in addressing an important need associated the proper pruning of young and small trees in the urban environment. It is filled with high-quality photography and helpful captions, depicting prun- ing scenarios, pruning challenges, and pruning strategies and tools. Worthy of further note is the fact that in addition to research findings, the authors also identify their personal, experientially based recommendations in this guide. They also ©2015 International Society of Arboriculture Book Review take the opportunity to encourage best manage- ment practices, like the use of specific pruning disinfectants, and reiterate the need to prevent against overpruning trees. The ABCs Field Guide to Young and Small Tree Pruning is user friendly and successfully takes a topic that can be complex or even intimidating and makes it straightfor- ward for both homeowner and practitioner alike. Reviewed by: Richard W. Harper Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9285, U.S.
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January 2015
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