Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 46(6): November 2020 Figure 2. Mean (± SD) number, height, volume, and tallest epicormic branch after reduction of the main stem and 2 growing seasons by pruning intensity and by season: (a) on the whole tree (left panel); and (b) above the pruning cut (right panel). Differences between intensities within seasons: different letters above the bars indicate significant differences based on paired t-tests. Differences between seasons within intensities: capital letters above the bar pairs indicate significant differences based on Tukey’s HSD post-hoc tests (p > 0.05). Despite having been excluded from analyses, controls are shown in the graph. 437 p < 0.0001), height (F1,7 = 8.74, p = 0.0212), and vol- located above the pruning cut. The pruning season had no effect on the number (F2,14 height (F2,14 and the height of the tallest epicormic branch (F2,14 p = 0.0042) at the end of the second growing season. ume (F1,7 = 70.19, p = 0.0002) of epicormic branches = 1.69, p = 0.2195) or = 0.82, p = 0.4612) of epicormic branches for any intensity of reduction pruning treatment; however, reduction pruning during winter increased epicormic branch volume (F2,14 = 4.73, p = 0.0270) = 8.3, Epicormic Branch Cohort Establishment and Survival Dynamics Between 2015 and 2017, total epicormic branch density above the reduction pruning cut varied over time, reaching a maximum in 2017, i.e., 2 years after reduction of the main stem (Figure 3; MANOVA, F2,41 = 162.95, p < 0.0001). The 2015 epicormic branch cohort was influenced by treatments of pruning intensities and seasons (MANOVA, F5,42 = 6.55, p < 0.0001), but not by years (MANOVA, F2,41 = 2.97, p = 0.0623) or the ©2020 International Society of Arboriculture
November 2020
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