46 Fettig et al.: Sampling of Forest and Shade Tree Insects Raupp, M.J., C.S. Koehler, and J.A. Davidson. 1992. Advances in implementing integrated pest management for woody landscape plants. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37:561–585. Rawat, J.K., K.L. Belli, S.M. Smith, and J.C. Nautiyal. 1987. A pest and timber management model: Jack pine budworm and jack pine. Can. J. Agric. Econ. 35:441–461. Readshaw, J.L. 1965. A theory of phasmatid outbreak release. Aust. J. Zool. 13:475–490. Rieske, L.K., and K.F. Raffa. 1993. Potential use of baited pitfall traps in monitoring pine root weevil, Hylobius pales, Pachylobius picivorus, and Hylobius radicis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations and infestation levels. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:475–485. Royama, T. 1992. Analytical Population Dynamics. Chapman & Hall, Hong Kong, China. Sidebottom, J.R. 1995. Rust Mites in Christmas Trees. CTN- 029. North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service, Raleigh, NC. Southwood, T.R.E. 1978. Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to the Study of Insects Populations. Chapman & Hall, New York, NY. Sterner, T.E., and A.G. Davidson. 1982. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Canada, 1981. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, ON. Strickland, A.H. 1961. Sampling crop pests and their hosts. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 6:201–220. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA-FS). 1998. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States, 1998. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Annual Report. www.fs.fed.us/ foresthealth/annual_i_d_conditions/. ———. 1999. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States, 1999. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Annual Report. www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/ annual_i_d_conditions/. ———. 2000. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States, 2000. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Annual Report. www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/ annual_i_d_conditions/. Waters, W.E. 1955. Sequential sampling in forest insect surveys. For. Sci. 1: 68–79. Acknowledgments. We are grateful to S. Clarke, C. Dabney, S. Liebhold (USDA Forest Service), and C. Broeckling (Virginia Tech University) for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology and Enterprise Team (FHTET), the Interna- tional Society of Arboriculture Research Trust, and by a CALS and 229 Distance Education Grant from Virginia Tech to SMS. This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time and it is, therefore, in the public domain and not subject to copyright. 1* Principal Research Entomologist Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service 1107 Kennedy Place, Suite 8 Davis, CA 95616, U.S. 2 3 Research Associate Associate Professor Department of Entomology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S. *Corresponding author. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
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