ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS URBAN FORESTRY Volume 43, Issue 4, July 2017 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) ® www.isa-arbor.com Monica L. Elliott and Timothy K. Broschat Uptake, Movement, and Persistence of Fungicides in Mature Coconut Palms in Florida, U.S. ....133 Abstract. Palms are arborescent monocotyledons, with a vascular system different from eudicotyledonous trees. Compared to broadleaf trees, very little is known about the uptake, movement and persistence of systemic fungicides into the palm canopy. In this study, conducted in 2010 and 2012, four systemic fungicides were examined in coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in Florida, U.S., using three different application methods. A bioassay method was used to detect the fungicides every four to five weeks in palm rachises located throughout the canopy. Thiophanate methyl, which can only be applied as a soil drench, was never detected. The same was true when propiconazole and thiabendazole were applied as soil drenches. Tebuconazole, applied via infusion, was also never detected, but this appeared to be due to formulation issues. Propiconazole was detected in only two of four palms in 2010, when applied via infusion. The labeled rate had increased by 2012, and when this new rate was applied via pressure injection, the fungicide was detected in all four replicate palms. Thiabendazole, when applied via infusion or pressure injection, was detected in all four replicate palms in both years. Propiconazole and thiabendazole persisted uniformly in the canopy for at least eight weeks aſter application, but amounts tapered off aſter that time. Neither fungicide was detected in any portion of the canopy aſter 28 weeks. Both fungicides were detected in leaves that emerged aſter their application. This suggests that these fungicides may be useful for controlling some canopy diseases. Key Words. Coconut Palm; Cocos nucifera; Fungicide; Infusion; Palms; Pressure Injection; Propiconazole; Systemic Fungicides; Tebuconazole; Thiabendazole; Thiophanate Methyl. ® Nematollah Etemadi and Rezvan Mohammadi Nezhad Production Method and Humic Acid Application Affect Hardening-Off Process and Landscape Performance of Platycladus Orientalis in Arid Climate ..............................................................144 Abstract. The scarcity of information regarding suitable conditions for tree transplanting in arid climates is a major cause for failure of most transplanting projects. This study investigated the effect of different transplant methods and biostimu- lant application on survival and growth of multi-purpose species oriental thuja (Platycladus orientalis). In the first experi- ment, trees were harvested bare-root (BR) or balled and burlapped (B&B) and hardened-off in containers for one year prior to transplanting. In the second experiment, post-transplant performance of hardened-off trees in containers (referred to as CG tress) were compared to freshly dug BR and B&B trees. In both experiments, half of the trees were treated with 300 mg/L of humic acid (HA). In contrast to the B&B trees, the BR trees did not successfully tolerate the hardening-off process. Dur- ing the first year following transplanting to the landscape, CG trees showed 100% survival and achieved significant increases in all measured parameters compared to B&B and BR trees. By the end of the second year, however, the significant advan- tage of CG trees over B&B tress vanished, and the growth rates of trees of both methods were equaled to non-transplanted trees, suggesting that final performance for hardened-off CG trees and conventionally B&B-transplanted trees may be sim- ilar. HA application only affected BR trees, so that HA-treated BR trees had greater survival and growth indices than their control counterparts. In general, in an arid climate, the landscape manager would obtain the most cost-effective and reliable transplanting method by planting B&B thujas with no necessity for a hardening-off period and incorporation of stimulants. Key Words. Balled and Burlapped; Bare Root; Hardening-Off; Humic Acid; Production Method; Tree Establishment; Platycladus Orientalis. ©2017 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
July 2017
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