Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 43(4): July 2017 tember (leaves 10, 5, and 1), 11 October (leaves 9, 4, and 0), 8 November (leaves 8, 3, and -1), 6 December (leaves 7, 2, and -2), 1 March 2011 (leaves 6 and -3), and 12 April 2011 (leaf -4). The 2012 experiment was initiated on 30 July. Leaf samples were obtained on 20 August (leaves 10, 5, and 1), 24 September (leaves 9, 4, and 0), 26 October (leaves 8, 3, and -1), 3 December (leaves 7, 2, and -2), and 11 February 2013 (leaves 6 and -3). In both experiments, an aerial liſt device was used to obtain the leaf samples. Leaf bases were numbered with a permanent black marker before the first samples were obtained. Aſter the initial leaves were removed, their petiole stubs served as markers as well. RESULTS In both experiments, none of the control palms’ tissue inhibited the Penicillium bioassay species in the first sampling (data not shown). Therefore, control palms were no longer sam- pled at subsequent dates in each experiment. In 2010, tebuconazole and thiophanate methyl were not detected in any leaf in the canopy at any sampling date (data not shown). Propiconazole 137 was detected in two of the four palms (Table 1). For Replicate Palm I, the fungicide was detected in the basal portion of the BR of all three leaves sampled at four and eight weeks after infusion. At 12 and 16 weeks, the product was only detected in the BR of the lower and upper leaves. Detection in the distal portion of the DR of this palm only occurred at four weeks (lower leaf only) and eight weeks (lower and upper leaves only). For Repli- cate Palm IV, the fungicide was detected in all three leaves in both portions of the leaf at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (Table 1). At 16 weeks, propiconazole was only detected in the BR and DR of the middle leaf. Propiconazole was not detected in any leaf at 28 and 34 weeks after infusion (data not shown). Thiabendazole was detected in all four rep- licate palms in 2010 on all four sampling dates, although the amount detected varied widely among palms, with the greatest amount routinely detected in Replicate Palm III (Table 2). The only tissue in which thiabendazole was not detected across all four replicate palms was the DR of all three leaves at 16 weeks. As with propiconazole, thiabendazole was not detected in any leaf at 28 and 34 weeks after infusion (data not shown). Table 1. Amount (µg/g palm tissue) of propiconazole (Alamo) detected in Cocos nucifera leaf rachis tissue at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after application via passive infusion in 2010. Meanz Palm replicate I II III IV Leaf location in canopyy Lower Middle Upper Lower Middle Upper Lower Middle Upper Lower Middle Upper Lower Middle Upper weeks, respectively. x 4 weeks Basal rachis 47 ± 5 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 87 ± 29 86 ± 33 74 ± 2 34 ± 38 Distal rachis 12 ± 25 0 ± 0 55 ± 6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 49 ± 0 7 ± 14 80 ± 7 25 ± 40 2 ± 7 32 ± 33 20 ± 22 20 ± 35 z Each value is the mean of four replicate cross sections of leaf rachises. y Lower leaves were leaf numbers 10, 9, 8, and 7; middle leaves were leaf numbers 5, 4, 3, and 2; upper leaves were leaf numbers 1, 0, -1, and -2, at 4, 8, 12, and 16 Mean of 16 replicate cross sections of leaf rachises, across all four replicate palms. ©2017 International Society of Arboriculture 29 ± 19 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 8 weeks Basal rachis Distal rachis 47 ± 15 43 ± 5 49 ± 10 0 ± 0 50 ± 6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 71 ± 5 88 ± 6 78 ± 8 51 ± 5 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 51 ± 5 50 ± 2 86 ± 7 Meanx ± SE 30 ± 31 23 ± 24 34 ± 37 14 ± 24 32 ± 34 34 ± 37 30 ± 33 10 ± 18 14 ± 24 11 ± 19 22 ± 23 10 ± 17 2 ± 8 9 ± 16 0 ± 0 10 ± 18 8 ± 13 0 ± 0 ± SD (µg/g) 12 weeks Basal rachis 42 ± 7 0 ± 0 45 ± 8 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 Distal rachis 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 77 ± 15 42 ± 4 55 ± 9 45 ± 8 44 ± 7 38 ± 3 16 weeks Basal rachis 8 ± 6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 37 ± 4 0 ± 0 Distal rachis 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 30 ± 2 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 41 ± 0 0 ± 0
July 2017
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