The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, with the Dragon spacecraft onboard, launches from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on June 3, 2017. Dragon carried almost 6,000 pounds of science research, crew supplies, and hardware to the International Space Station in support of the Expedition 52 and 53 crew members. This was the 100th launch, and the sixth SpaceX launch, from this pad. NASA photo by Bill Ingalls adversaries, however, have made no such commitment. Likewise, our adversaries make no commitment to with commercial space companies of all sizes to discuss challenges, share information, and offer cybersecurity resources. DHS also has excellent relationships with all 16 critical infrastructure sectors, as well as state, local, tribal, and territorial government partners, many of whom rely on space-based data for their operations. Those relationships facilitate engagement and informa- tion sharing on cybersecurity and resilience, since the threat or vulnerability presented by use of space-based data may not be immediately apparent to the user. Attacks in Space, Impacts in the Homeland As demonstrated with the hacking of the U.S. company Viasat, space systems are under threat from adversarial nations. By providing inaccurate data to operational Critical Infrastructure Sectors The critical infrastructure sectors include: • Chemical • Commercial Facilities • Communications • Critical Manufacturing • Dams • Defense Industrial Base • Emergency Services • Energy • Financial Services • Food and Agriculture • Government Facilities • Healthcare and Public Health • Information Technology • Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste • Transportation Systems • Water and Wastewater confine their cyber activities to passive espionage against government targets. Instead, they are establishing a per- sistent presence across our critical infrastructure and finding novel ways to attack orbital and ground assets with the potential for physical effects. Per the National Space Policy, attack on our space assets will be met with a response and such a conflict could easily bleed over into the homeland and Coast Guard’s mission. In December 2020, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) undertook an effort to produce the first DHS Space Policy update since 2011. The policy clarifies DHS’ role in American space activities and communi- cates our priorities to DHS operational components, like the Coast Guard, so they can align their mission to meet these priorities. In 2020, the White House released Space Policy Directive-5 providing cybersecurity principles for space assets that helped guide DHS’ approach to cybersecurity for space. With new and novel cyberattack methods and techniques, and geopolitical events necessitating a new vision for DHS’ role in American space activities, cybersecurity for space assets is a priority at the highest levels of government. Talking and Listening to Industry Currently, DHS has some of the most robust space indus- try relationships in the government and continues to promote cyber and supply chain security for the space industry. As such, it will take a leading role in promoting cybersecurity for space-based and ground assets. In response to the recognition that space assets cross into many critical infrastructure sectors, in 2021 the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) formed a Space Cross-Sector Working Group. This working group serves as a venue for DHS to engage 32 Proceedings Summer 2023