used in maintaining or restoring operations in America’s ports after hurricanes. This project investigated whether resiliency concepts developed for cyberattacks and hur- ricanes can be used to generalize resiliency in the sup- ply chain regardless of the initial cause(s). If so, these generalized principles and best practices could result in improving maritime supply chain design and execution and provide a common basis for response and recovery that would protect America’s maritime environment. Our conjecture is that recovery and response opera- tions from a disruptive event, regardless of its cause— cyberattack, hurricane, global pandemic—have much in common. For example, hurricanes and the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the food supply chain. While the ways it was disrupted were different, the consequences were the same. Directly, food in homes that hurricanes have damaged or flooded is to be thrown away because of contamination that causes it to be considered unsafe to eat. Indirectly, hurricanes affect the food produc- ers. The latest hurricane, Ian, destroyed a key crop of Florida citrus causing consumer prices to rise as the sup- ply decreased when orchards were flooded or damaged by wind.1 Similarly, COVID-19 caused a disruption in the pro- cessing or transportation of food due to closures or worker shortages that resulted in a disruption getting2 food from the producers to consumers given the limited shelf life. 3,4,5 Similarly, cyberattacks could result in dis- rupting operations at food processors, the transportation network, or the food deliverers. All three produce the same consequences because disrupted operations result in bottlenecks, shortages, and competition for resources. Resiliency To better understand resiliency as a mechanism to effectively manage the supply chain, a new review of the concept is required. Resiliency allows supply chain stakeholders to better manage unforeseen and unpre- dictable events that influence productivity, performance, and routine and non-routine business operations.6 If the model and resiliency are properly executed, we would expect actions to be less reactive and more proactive, as well as more predictive. Hence, concepts of building resiliency into entities are necessary to promote sup- ply chain success, economic prosperity, and national security. Optimally, systems are resilient from their initial design, however, they must be continually adapted to achieve resiliency. Further, given the dynamic nature of innovative technologies implemented with legacy sys- tems and the maritime transportation environment, the goal of resiliency is a moving target. As such, there must The maritime supply chain is a key component of the transportation system. It captures the flow and movement of goods and cargo using vessels, ports, and terminals, but it excludes the end points where the goods and cargo are transferred to or from intermodal transportation, like truck like truck and rail. pigphoto | iStock/Getty Images Plus 80 Proceedings Summer 2023