type of complex mathematical analysis involving data networks, relationships between the different compo- nents of a supply chain, and figuring out the probabilities of certain events, to determine the unintended conse- quences; for example, interrelated factors such as avail- ability of critical supplies or equipment, labor shortages, and closures of ports. The dependencies would have an economic impact on the supply chain, and the respon- sibility, responsiveness, and overall interaction of the Coast Guard can be of major importance for mitigating the consequences of the supply chain downfall caused by disrupting events. The innovation in this project is developing the matu- rity model to be more holistic, including complex sup- ply chain dependencies and expanding viewpoints to include vessel traffic managers without physical control of the goods and cargo within the supply chain. The sec- ond innovation is metrics, which are near-real-time mea- surable factors used to better manage vessel traffic. The understanding of these metrics—their capture, storage, and further data analysis—can identify industry best practices to increase the maturity level in the organiza- tion’s model. Conclusion Supply chain disrupters may be natural, fabricated, or caused by other factors, like pandemics or geopolitical instability. The most recent supply chain disruptions caused severe consequences to United States’ eco- nomic10,11 and national security.12 Many of these threats to national security came from increased numbers of cyberattacks that took advantage of the disruptions in the workforce caused by the pandemic. 13,14 It high- lighted the fragility of supply chains and dependence of the United States on foreign materials and supplies; for example the inability to obtain critical supplies such as N95 masks and computer chips. These disrupting events differ in their causes and provenance, but they result in common consequences, including increased prices, unacceptable delays, bottlenecks, and compromised operations that create cascading results for both mari- time and intermodal transportation systems. This project examined these disrupting events, their impacts, and the risks they pose to the marine For more information Guidebook: Principles and Best Practices for Supply Chain Resiliency can be viewed at https://cbts.tamu.edu/files/2022/08/ Guidebook-Principles-and-Best-Practices- for-Supply-Chain-Resiliency.pdf transportation system, to design a set of resiliency prin- ciples and best practices for maritime supply chains from the Coast Guard’s viewpoint of vessel manage- ment. Beyond the initial use of these best practices and guidelines for DHS and the Coast Guard, there has been considerable interest from members of Texas A&M University-Galveston’s network of industry board advi- sors as these findings should be useful to those involved in commercial shipping. It is without question that commercial shipping has a different mission than the Coast Guard. However, each entity will benefit if the principles and best practices are integrated and transparent, giving into the other. each entity insight Editor’s note: All publications produced because of this funding which are submitted for publication in any magazine, journal, or trade paper shall carry the following acknowledgement and disclaimer: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number 18STCBT00001-03-00. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily rep- resenting the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. About the authors: Paula S. deWitte, J.D., Ph.D., P.E., is a professor of practice in the Com- puter Science and Engineering Department at Texas A&M University, College Station, and an adjunct professor of law at the Texas A&M Uni- versity Law School, Fort Worth. A licensed attorney in Texas, and a reg- istered patent attorney, she holds a bachelor’s and master’s from Purdue University, earned her Ph.D. in computer science from Texas A&M Uni- versity, and a law degree from St. Mary’s University. Mr. Chris Scarmardo is the program manager for the Cross Border Threat Screening and Supply Chain Defense, with a strong background in business administration, and financial and program management. He has been with two separate DHS Centers of Excellence, developing, managing, and monitoring high-quality and high-value research and development. Endnotes: 1. www.cnn.com/2022/09/28/business/hurricane-ian-food-prices) 2. www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/food-supply-chains-and- covid-19-impacts-and-policy-lessons-71b57aea/) 3. https://academic.oup.com/fqs/article/4/4/167/5896496 4. https://www2.deloitte.com/ch/en/pages/consumer-business/articles/ covid19-has-broken-the-global-food-supply-chain.html 5. https://academic.oup.com/fqs/article/4/4/167/5896496 6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12202 7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41284-021-00314-1, 8. www.american.edu/sis/news/20200521-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-national- and-global-security.cfm 9. www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19 10. www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Chapter-3-new.pdf 11. www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/03/initial-impact-covid-19-on-united- states-economy-more-widespread-than-on-mortality.html 12. https://tnsr.org/2022/02/disease-outbreak-and-national-security-drawing- lessons-from-the-covid-19-crisis-to-improve-emergency-response/ 13. www.cisa.gov/publication/confronting-heightened-cybersecurity-threats- amid-covid-19 14. https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/risk/cyber-strategic-risk/ articles/covid-19-the-impact-of-cyber-on-critical-infrastructure-in-the-next- normal.html 82 Proceedings Summer 2023