146 Hubbard and Potter: Managing Calico Scale Infestations or soil-injected imidacloprid failed to systemically control calico scale regardless of treatment timing. ADDENDUM In a later trial that did not undergo technical review with the rest of this paper, calico scale females on branches of heavily infested zelkova trees were sprayed with 7.9% bifenthrin (TalstarOne, FMC, Philadelphia, PA) at 1.6 ml/L (20 fl oz/ 100 gal) with 0.31 ml/L (4 oz/100 gal) surfactant (Break-thru, now marketed as CapSil Spray Adjuvant, Scotts, Marysville, OH) on 20 April 2006. At that time, the maturing scales were swollen, 3 to 4 mm (1/8 inch) in diameter, and producing profuse honeydew. There was 100% mortality of sprayed females within 5 d, stopping honeydew and egg pro- duction. Acknowledgments. We are grateful to L.M. Hanks (Consulting Arborist, Pampered Properties, Inc.) for cooperation and applying the whole-canopy sprays and systemic treatments; D. Held, C. Prater, C. Hagen, P. Gonsiska, and C. Redmond for field assistance; and L.M. Hanks, D. Herms (Ohio State University), and T. Tattar (University of Massachusetts) for advice. Horticulturalists at Gainesway, Gainesborough, and Overbrook Farms provided access to study sites. We also thank J.J. Mauget Co. (Arcadia, CA) and other companies (see footnote, Table 1) for donating insecticides. This research was funded in part by the University of Kentucky Nursery Endowment Fund. LITERATURE CITED Abbott, W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18: 265–267. Analytical Software. 2000. Statistix 7.0 user’s manual. Ana- lytical Software, Tallahassee, FL. Baxendale, R.W., and W.T. Johnson. 1990. Efficacy of sum- mer oil spray on thirteen commonly occurring insect pests. Journal of Arboriculture 16:89–94. Doccola, J.J., I. Ramasamy, P. Castillo, C. Taylor, and S. Sifleet. 2005. Erratum: Efficacy of Arborjet Viper micro- injections in the management of hemlock wooly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Journal of Arboriculture 31:203–205. Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California. Part I: The Soft Scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Cali- fornia Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacra- mento, CA. Gill, S., O.K. Jefferson, R.M. Reeser, and M.J. Raupp. 1999. Use of soil and trunk injection of systemic insecticides to control lace bug on hawthorn. Journal of Arboriculture 25:38–41. Hubbard, J.L. 2004. The biology and management of calico scale, Eulecanium cerasorum (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), in Kentucky. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kentucky, Lexington. ©2006 International Society of Arboriculture Hubbard, J.L., and D.A. Potter. 2005. Life history and natural enemy associations of calico scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Kentucky. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 1202–1212. Johnson, W.T. 1982. The scale insect, a paragon of confu- sion. Journal of Arboriculture 8:113–123. McClure, M.S. 1992. Effects of implanted and injected pes- ticide and fertilizers on the survival of Adelges iwgae (Homoptera: Adelgidae) and on the growth of Tsuga canadensis. Journal of Economic Entomology 85: 468–472. Potter, D.A., L. Foss, R.E. Baumler, and D.W. Held. 2005. Managing eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma america- num (F.), on horse farms to reduce risk of mare reproduc- tive loss syndrome. Pest Management Science 61:3–15. Raupp, M.J., J.J. Holmes, C. Sadof, P. Shrewsbury, and J.A. Davidson. 2001. Effects of cover sprays and residual pes- ticides on scale insects and natural enemies in urban for- ests. Journal of Arboriculture 27(4):203–214. Raupp, M.J., R.E. Webb, A. Szczepaniec, D. Booth, and R. Ahern. 2004. Incidence, abundance, and diversity of mites on hemlocks following applications of imidacloprid. Jour- nal of Arboriculture 30:108–113. Rebek, E.J., and C.S. Sadof. 2003. Effects of pesticide ap- plications on the euonymus scale (Homoptera: Diaspidi- dae) and its parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 446–452. Sclar, D.C., and W.S. Cranshaw. 1996. Evaluation of new systemic insecticides for elm insect pest control. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14:22–26. Steward, V.B., and T.A. Horner. 1994. Control of hemlock woolly adelgid using soil injections of systemic insecti- cides. Journal of Arboriculture 20:287–288. Tattar, T.A., J.A. Dotson, M.S. Ruizzo, and V.B. Steward. 1998. Translocation of imidacloprid in three tree species when trunk- and soil-injected. Journal of Arboriculture 24:54–56. Turner, J.C.L., and E.A. Buss. 2005. Biology and manage- ment of Allokermes kingii (Hemiptera: Kermesidae) on oak trees (Quercus spp.). Journal of Arboriculture 31: 198–202. Young, L.C. 2002. The efficacy of micro-injected imidaclo- prid and oxydemeton-methyl on red gum eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) infested with red gum lerp psyllid (Glycapsis brimblecombei). Journal of Arboricul- ture 28:144–147. Jamee L. Hubbard (formerly) Graduate Research Associate Department of Entomology University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40546-0092, U.S.
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