Table of Contents Stephen Frank, Glenn Waters, Russell Beer, and Peter May An Analysis of the Street Tree Population of Greater Melbourne at the Beginning of the 21st Century ..................................................................................... 155 Abstract. An audit of the street tree population of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, was undertaken to establish its size and botanical composition as a reference point for future studies. The 31 independent municipalities that comprise metropolitan Melbourne were approached to provide infor- mation on their respective street tree populations. Where available, data from individual municipalities on population, area, and total street length were also collected. Of the 31 municipalities surveyed, 23 had undertaken some form of street tree inventory or audit. These individual data sets were combined into a single database. Data queries were then undertaken to obtain a range of information. A total of 922,353 trees, comprising 1127 taxa, were captured in this superset of data. Australian native plants made up the majority of the trees with 60% of the total. Of the Australian native taxa, wattles (Acacia spp.), gums or eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.), paperbarks (Melaleuca spp.), bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.), and Queensland brush box (Lophostemon confertus [R. Br.] Peter G. Wilson and Waterhouse) comprised 394,730 individuals (43% of all trees). Of the exotic taxa, Prunus spp. were the most common with 86,227 individuals (9% of the total). Queensland brush box was the most common taxon surveyed with 61,959 individuals. Purple-leaf cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ‘Nigra’) was the most common exotic taxon with 35,402 individuals. An analysis of the diversity of this population showed that it meets a set of minimum diversity criteria apart from the dominance of the Myrtaceae at the family level. Key Words. Biodiversity; Street Tree History; Street Tree Inventory; Street Trees. E. Thomas Smiley, Lisa Calfee, Bruce R. Fraedrich, and Emma J. Smiley Comparison of Structural and Noncompacted Soils for Trees Surrounded by Pavement ................................... 164 Abstract. Trees in areas surrounded by pavement oſten have inhospitable rooting environments, which shorten their useful tancy. This trial was established to compare five different soil and Bosque lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia) were planted into 5.4 m3 life expec- treatment options under pavement. Snowgoose cherry (Prunus serrulata) (189 ſt3 ) of medium containing compacted soil, gravel/soil mixture, Stalite, Stalite/soil mixture, or noncompacted soil and covered with concrete. A variety of growth and health parameters were measured aſter 14 months. It was found thatthere was more trunk diameter growth with the noncompacted treatment than the Stalite and Stalite/soil treat- ments; more twig growth in the noncompacted and gravel/soil treatments than all others; higher relative chlorophyll rating in the noncom- pacted treatment than all others; and more root growth in the noncompacted treatment (elms only). Suspended pavement over noncom- pacted soils provided the greatest amount of tree growth and health and should be considered when designing urban planting sites for trees. Key Words. Biobarrier; Bosque Lacebark Elm; CU Soil; Geotextile; Planting pits; Prunus serrulata; Skeletal Soil; Snowgoose Cherry; Soil Com- paction; Stalite; Structural Soil; Suspended Pavement; Suspended Sidewalks; Ulmus parvifolia; Urban Plaza; Urban Tree Planting. Kathleen L. Wolf and Nicholas Bratton Urban Trees and Traffic Safety: Considering U.S. Roadside Policy and Crash Data .............................................. 170 Abstract. In the mid to late 20th century, U.S. transportation agencies focused on traffic planning and design practices intended to achieve high levels of traffic capacity and safety for roads at lowest cost. Intangible values of the roadside such as community character and environmen- tal systems were oſten overlooked, including the urban forest. Context Sensitive Solutions is a U.S. national policy intended to better incorpo- rate local community values into transportation planning processes and products. The starting point for community-based roadside design is adequate research. This study analyzed national traffic collision data to address concerns about urban trees and traffic safety, including crash incidence and severity. Distinctions of urban and rural conditions were explored using descriptive, comparative, and predictive analysis meth- ods. The findings acknowledge the serious consequences of tree crashes but distinguish urban/rural situations. Circumstances of tree crashes in urban settings are not well understood. Conclusions address future applications of flexible transportation design. The clear zone philosophy has been widely applied in rural settings but may need modification to better incorporate community values in urban design. Future research needs include testing of trees as a mitigation technology in safe roadside design and risk assessment as a community expression of value. Key Words. Context Sensitive Solutions; Risk; Roadside; Safety; Transportation; Urban Forestry. ©2006 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
July 2006
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