114 sociated with topping and traditional roundover trimming. Future research could further validate the few experiments in this area. In addition, research along the line of Millet and Bouchard’s (2003) application of architectural analysis to line clearance would enhance the idea of directional growth. Additional research is needed to support the use of pruning in the area of plant health care. Although effectiveness of sanita- tion or eradicative pruning has been documented, use of cleaning and thinning to improve overall plant health has not. In a similar manner, an answer to the question, “Does pruning reduce the po- tential for windthrow, windsnap, or failure during storms?” has not yet been developed. Most recent research has been with rela- tively small trees rather than mature individuals. A recent article by Kane and Harris (2008) reviews the research on this topic. Access to non-English language journals and those in fields such as forestry is ever-increasing but is not without its limitations. First, many but not all journals have some online presence. Ab- stracts can generally be accessed free of charge. Articles, however, must be purchased. A second limitation to a broader application of the world-wide literature is the lack of a common vocabulary. Is early pruning the same as formative pruning? Is forestry’s green pruning equivalent to crown raising? Comparison of professional standards will reduce confusion about terms. A third limitation is language, as only few journals provide abstracts in other languag- es. Fewer still offer table and figure captions in a second language. Acknowledgments. The authors very much appreciate the comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers as well as those of the editor. We acknowledge the encouragement and support of the ISA Sci- ence and Research Committee, particularly Greg McPherson and Sharon Lilly. Thanks to the Department of Plant Biology, University of Califor- nia (Davis) for providing access to the campus library. LITERATURE CITED Harris, R., J. Clark and N. Matheny. 2004. Arboriculture—Integrated management of landscape trees shrubs and vines. 4th edition. Pren- tice Hall. Upper Saddle River NJ. Kane, B., and R. Harris. 2008. Does pruning reduce the risk of tree fail- ure? Arborist News 17:46-48. Shigo, A. 1989. Tree Pruning—A worldwide photo guide. Shigo and Trees Associates. Durham NH. James R. Clark (corresponding author) HortScience, Inc. P.O. Box 754 Pleasanton CA 94566, U.S.
[email protected] Nelda Matheny HortScience, Inc. P.O. Box 754 Pleasanton CA 94566, U.S. Clark and Matheny: The Research Foundation to Tree Pruning Résumé. Deux cents une publications de recherches, incluant 152 articles de journaux, ont été compilés. Quarante-quatre journaux étaient représentés, et le Journal of Arboriculture, le Arboricultural & Urban Forestry ainsi que le Arboricultural Journal étaient les plus fréquemment cités. La compartimentation, les blessures, la réaction aux blessures, le développement de la carie et le traitement des blessures étaient les sujets les plus fréquemment traités. La bibliographie a été montée sur Zotero, une application faisant ap- pel au navigateur Firefox. Les mots-clés ont été identifiés pour chacune des publications. Lorsque l’article ou le résumé était disponible, une an- notation a été inscrite. Cet article décrit les sujets majeurs traités qui ont été identifiés dans cette revue et présente une discussion des directions futures en ce qui regarde l’élagage. Zusammenfassung. 201 Forschungspublikationen, einschließlich 152 Journalartikel wurden zusammengestellt. 44 Journale, einschließlich Journal of Arboriculture, Arboricultural & Urban Forestry, und Arbori- cultural Journal als die meist zitierten, wurden präsentiert. Kompartmen- talisierung, Verletzung, Wundreaktion, Fäuleentwicklung und Wundbe- handlung waren die häufigsten Themen. Die Bibliographie wurde in Zotero organisiert, eine Applikation von dem Browser Firefox, welcher die Schlüsselworte in jeder Publika- tion identifiziert. Wo entweder der Artikel oder sein Abstrakt erhältlich war, wurde ein Vermerk gemacht. Diese Studie beschreibt die Haupt- themengebiete, die in der Durchsicht identifiziert wurden und diskutiert die zukünftigen Richtungen für die Baumpflege. Resumen. Se compilaron 201 publicaciones de investigaciones in- cluyendo 152 artículos de journal. Cuarenta y cuatro jornals estuvieron representados por el Journal of Arboriculture, Arboricultural & Urban Forestry, y Arboricultural Journal como los más frecuentemente cita- dos. Compartimentación, herida, respuesta a la herida, desarrollo de la descomposición y tratamiento de heridas fueron los tópicos más fre- cuentes. La bibliografía estuvo organizada en Zotero, una aplicación que usa el navegador Firefox. Se identificaron palabras claves para cada pub- licación. Cuando el artículo o su abstract estuvieron disponibles, se creó una anotación. Este trabajo describe los tópicos principales identificados en la revisión y discute las direcciones futuras para la investigación sobre la poda. ©2010 International Society of Arboriculture
May 2010
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