ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS URBAN FORESTRY Volume 36, Issue 3, May 2010 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Jennie M. Condra, Cristina M. Brady, and Daniel A. Potter Resistance of Landscape-Suitable Elms to Japanese Beetle, Gall Aphids, and Leaf Miners, with Notes on Life History of Orchestes alni and Agromyza aristata in Kentucky .......................101 Abstract. Twenty genotypes of landscape-suitable Dutch elm disease-resistant elms (Ulmus spp.) were evaluated in a replicated field study for resistance to multiple insect pests in Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. The European elm flea weevil (EEFW), Orchestes alni, a recently- introduced pest that disfigures elms by leaf-mining and adult feeding, was found as a new state record so its feeding preferences and life history were monitored. U. parvifolia and U. propinqua, originally from Japan, were relatively resistant to Japanese beetles, and U. ameri- cana was generally less susceptible than most hybrids. Agromyza aristata, a serpentine leaf-mining fly, favored American elms, whereas Kaliofenusa ulmi a blotch-mining sawfly, and aphid (Tetraneura nigriabdominalis) pouch galls were uncommon on American and Asian elms but abundant on certain hybrids. EEFW infested all elms but at highest densities, (>20 mines per 30 cm shoot and >85 adult feed- ing holes per leaf), on certain hybrids. American elms, especially ‘Jefferson’, were somewhat less susceptible. EEFW laid eggs in expanding leaves; mines were initiated in late April and completed by mid- to late- May. Newly-emerged adults extensively damaged leaves in late May and June but nearly disappeared from tree canopies by mid-July. Implications for re-introduction of elms into urban landscapes are discussed. Key Words. Agromyza aristata; Dutch Elm Disease; Integrated Pest Management; Kalifenusa ulni; National Elm Trial; Orchestes alni; Tetraneura nigriabdominalis; Ulmus spp. James R. Clark and Nelda Matheny The Research Foundation to Tree Pruning: A Review of the Literature .........................................110 Abstract. Two hundred one research publications including 152 journal articles were compiled. Forty-four journals were rep- resented with the Journal of Arboriculture, Arboricultural & Urban Forestry, and Arboricultural Journal as the most fre- quently cited. Compartmentalization, wounding, wound response, decay development, and wound treatment were the most frequently noted topic areas. The bibliography was organized in Zotero, an application using the Firefox web browser. Key- words were identified for each publication. Where either the article or its abstract was available, an annotation was created. This paper describes the major topic areas identified in the review and discusses the future directions for pruning research. Key Words: Tree Pruning; Literature Review. Denise Johnstone, Gregory Moore, Michael Tausz, and Marc Nicolas The Measurement of Wood Decay in Landscape Trees ................................................................. 121 Abstract. The evaluation of wood in a tree trunk is essential for tree risk assessment; however, racy. Moderately invasive decay detecting devices, such as constant feed drills, are accurate the ment of decay is still in its infancy. A review of the current methods used for field measurement of wood decay in landscape trees is presented. Methods are compared in terms of the damage caused to tree tissues, ease of use, and their accurate measure- level of accu- for locating wood decay in a tree. In contrast computerized tomography devices are less damaging to tree tissues, but results may be difficult to interpret. Key Words. Risk trees; Tree Failure; Tree Risk Analysis; Wood Decay. Brian Kane, Mollie Freilicher, Mac Cloyes, and H. Dennis Ryan Impact Force and Rope Tension Affect Likelihood of Cutting a Climbing Rope with a Handsaw ............................................................................................................................ 128 Abstract. A previous study has demonstrated the ease with which a climber could cut his or her rope using a handsaw (Kane et al. 2009). In a previously published effort, however, the authors did not examine the effect of two variables that presumably influence the ease with which a rope can be cut: rope tension and impact force of the blade. In the current study, two types of rope are cut using one type of blade, with varied rope tension (seven levels) and impact force (four levels) of the pendulum-mounted blade on the rope. Increases in impact force and rope tension increased the ease of cutting both ropes tested, but impact force was the dominant effect. At the greatest impact force, which was similar to the impact force a climber could exert using two hands on a handsaw, all but one rope was completely severed. The results are discussed in the context of climber safety. Key Words. Handsaw; Rope. ©2010 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
May 2010
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