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Production method affects growth and post-transplant establishment of ‘East Palatka’ holly. Journal American Society Horticulture Science 118:194–200. Harrington, T.B., and K.D. Howell. 1998. Planting cost, survival, and growth one to three years after establishing loblolly pine seed- lings with straight, deformed, or pruned taproots. New Forests 15: 193–204. Hewitt, A., and G.W. Watson. 2009. Bare root liner production can al- ter tree root architecture. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 99–104. Kormanik, P.P. 1986. Lateral root morphology as an expression of sweet- gum seedling quality. Forest Science 32:595–604. Koshi, P.T. 1960. Deep planting has little effect in a wet year. Tree Plant- er’s Notes 11:7. Lindstrom, A., and G. Rune. 1999. Root deformation in plantations of container-grown Scots pine trees: Effects on root growth, tree stabil- ity and stem straightness. Plant and Soil 217:29–37. Lyons, C.G., Jr., R.E. Byers, and K.S. Yoder. 1983. Influence of plant- ing depth on growth and anchorage of young ‘Delicious’ apple trees. HortScience 18:923–924. Lyons, C.G. Jr., R.E. Byers, and K.S. Yoder. 1987. Influence of planting depth on growth of young apple trees. Journal Environmental Horti- culture 5:163–164. Marshall, M.D., and E.F. Gilman. 1997. Production method and irriga- tion affect root morphology of live oak. Journal Environmental Hor- ticulture 15:84–87. Gilman et al.: Planting Depth Affects Root Form Owen, J., and H. Stoven. 2008. Searching for the perfect pot. Digger, Mar. pg. 40-45, 57, Oregon Assoc. Nurs. Wilsonville, OR. Reighard, G.L., G. Howe, and J.W. Hanover. 1985. Effects of chemical weed control and seedling planting depth on survival and growth of aspen. Tree Planter’s Notes 36:3–7. Seiler, J.R., D.J. Paganelli, and B.H. Cazell. 1990. Growth and water potential of j-rooted loblolly and eastern white pine seedlings over three growing seasons. New Forests 4:147–153. Slocum, G.K., and T.E. Maki. 1956. Some effects of depth of planting upon loblolly pine in the North Carolina piedmont. Journal Forestry 54:21–25. Sparks, D. 2005. Tree setting depth affects wind resistance in pecan. Journal American Pomology Society 59:134–140. Stout, B.B. 1956. Studies of the root systems of deciduous trees. Black Rock Forest Bulletin. (Harvard Univ.) 15. 45 pp. VanderSchaaf, C.L., and D.B. South. 2003. Effect of planting depth on growth of open-rooted Pinus elliotii and Pinus taeda seedlings in the United States. South African Forest Journal 198:63–73. Watson, G.W. 2005. Distinguishing between root system architecture changes and planting too deep. Proc. Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right Conference. Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. Nov. 10, 2005. Wells, C., C.E.K.S. Townsend, J.D. Caldwell, D.L. Ham, M. Sherwood, and E.T. Smiley. 2006. Effects of planting depth on landscape tree survival and girdling root formation. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32:305–311. Zisa, R., H.G. Halverson, and B.B. Stout. 1980. Establishment and early growth of conifers on compact soils in urban areas. USDA Forest Service Research Paper NE No. 451. Edward F. Gilman (corresponding author) Professor Environmental Horticulture Department University of Florida Gainesville, FL, U.S.
[email protected]. Chris Harchick Environmental Horticulture Department University of Florida Gainesville, FL, U.S. Maria Paz Environmental Horticulture Department University of Florida Gainesville, FL, U.S. ©2010 International Society of Arboriculture
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